Current management and future perspectives of penile cancer: An updated review

Peyraud, Florent; Allenet, C.; Gross‐Goupil, Marine; Domblides, Charlotte; Lefort, Félix; Daste, Amaury; Yacoub, M.; Haaser, T.; Ferretti, L.; Robert, G.; Ravaud, Alain

doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102087

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…Patients with penile tumors that are characterized aggressive pathological features (e.g. increasing tumor grades) are associated with the highest risk for locoregional metastasis (53,54). The occurrence of lymph node recurrence worsens tumorspecific survival levels, and patients with systemic metastasis can only expect an extremely poor prognosis (22,55).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the most important prognostic factor for survival of penile cancer patients is the complete and thorough assessment of (regional) lymph nodes spreading and penetration upon tumor progression (56). Therefore, molecular factors, particularly biomarkers were urgently needed in penile carcinogenesis that could be of relevance for therapeutic interventions in terms of targeted (therapeutic) agents for the use as first and especially as second-line treatment for patients with refractory disease (53).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Biomarker Potential of Caveolin-1 in Penile Cancer

et al. 2021

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Various types of human cancers were characterized by an altered expression of epithelial or stromal caveolin-1 (CAV1). However, the clinical significance of CAV1 expression in penile cancer remains largely unknown. Here the expression patterns of CAV1 were analyzed in a retrospective cohort (n=43) of penile squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Upon penile cancer progression, significantly increased CAV1-levels were determined within the malignant epithelium, whereas within the tumor stroma, namely the fibroblastic tumor compartment harboring activated and/or cancer associated fibroblasts, CAV1 levels significantly decline. Concerning the clinicopathological significance of CAV1 expression in penile cancer as well as respective epithelial-stromal CAV1 distributions, high expression within the tumor cells as well as low expression of CAV1 within the stromal compartment were correlated with decreased overall survival of penile cancer patients. Herein, CAV1 expressions and distributions at advanced penile cancer stages were independent of the immunohistochemically proven tumor protein p53 status. In contrast, less differentiated p16-positive tumor epithelia (indicative for human papilloma virus infection) were characterized by significantly decreased CAV1 levels. Conclusively, we provide further and new evidence that the characteristic shift in stromal‐epithelial CAV1 being functionally relevant to tumor progression even occurs in penile SCC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biomarker Potential of Caveolin-1 in Penile Cancer

et al. 2021

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“…However, it gives basis view to tunica albuginea and two corpora cavernosa, but only with an inserted urethral catheter. This gives possibilities to track the dynamics of rough alterations as in penile cancer and Peyronie's disease on a daily basis because US is non-invasive and non-destructive method [3,17]. This is the key advantage of penile US in animal model studies, which could reduce the need to use multiple cohorts of animals for several dates of morphological assessment of taken penile tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common one is Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) staining, which has been used by pathologists for over a hundred years [2]. In most cases, histopathological analysis of penile bioptates is not suitable as it brings additional damage for penile tissue of patients and can induce secondary structure alterations [3]. For this purpose, physicians can use a wide range of other non-invasive diagnostic methods including ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance and computer tomography (CT) [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main limitation of this kind of visualization is a lack of complex view on structures of taken samples as one histopathological slide provides only two-dimensional (2D) picture. This contributes to an inability to assess multiple structural alterations of penile tissues at once, such as the topical occurrence of fibrosis throughout corpora cavernosa in organic erectile dysfunction [7,8], length of urethral constriction in urethral strictures [9] and tumor progression in penile cancer [3]. So, at the moment we cannot fully extrapolate results of animal model studies into clinical reality, as we cannot compare two-dimensional data of histological assessment of modelled penile disease progression of laboratory animal with results of three-dimensional (3D) visualization of human penile structures by aforementioned diagnostic methods [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visualisation of penile structures of laboratory rabbit: ultrasound, histology, and micro-CT

et al. 2020

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Current imaging methods in pre-clinical and animal model studies of penile disease are limited because of the small penis of a rat – standard laboratory animal used in this type of research. Routine visualization methods of surface and inner structures of the penis used in clinical medicine are not suitable in experimental animal researches. The only method available for these purposes is histopathological analysis, which does not provide complex view on penile structures due to two-dimensional imaging per slide. In the pre study we evaluated and compared capability of ultrasound, histopathological and micro-computed tomography imaging methods to visualize anatomical structures of laboratory rabbit penis. Ultrasound provides limited imaging in comparison with other methods. However, it could be useful in assessment rough structural alterations of tunica albuginea and corpora cavernosa as a secondary and supportive method. Micro computed tomography provides nearly the same image quality as histopathological analysis. Moreover, it gives a complex view on the whole penile sample due to three-dimensional reconstruction. This fact gives reason to use this method as a basic one in the pre-clinical trials and animal model studies.

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Immunotherapy in Genitourinary Malignancy: Evolution in Revolution or Revolution in Evolution

Chiu

Cheng

2022

Cancer Immunotherapies

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Current management and future perspectives of penile cancer: An updated review

Cited by 22 publications

References 126 publications

The Biomarker Potential of Caveolin-1 in Penile Cancer

The Biomarker Potential of Caveolin-1 in Penile Cancer

Visualisation of penile structures of laboratory rabbit: ultrasound, histology, and micro-CT

Immunotherapy in Genitourinary Malignancy: Evolution in Revolution or Revolution in Evolution

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