P.5.003 Nootropic and anxiolytic effects onrepeated functional disruptions of avoidance responses in rats

Иноземцев, А. Н.; Garibova, T. L.; Kapitsa, I. G.; Воронина, Т. А.

doi:10.1016/s0924-977x(05)80405-5

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The positive effects of thymic peptides and pyracetam on AAR was also found in subsequent blocks of presentations. The obrained data are similar to those obtained in experimens with nootropic substances [4,5]. Along with the decrease in level of avoidance responses after functional disruption, a signifi cant increase in the number of intersignal responses (ISR; by 3.3 times) and responses characterizing failure of higher nervous activity (jumps, chaotic running, and vocalization) was found in the control rats.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Along with the decrease in level of avoidance responses after functional disruption, a signifi cant increase in the number of intersignal responses (ISR; by 3.3 times) and responses characterizing failure of higher nervous activity (jumps, chaotic running, and vocalization) was found in the control rats. These changes attest to emotional tension and emotional stress development [4]. Anxiogenic nature of ISR was confi rmed Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…3: p<0.05 in comparison with *control, + the same parameter before disruption. by the increase in blood glucose level in animals after AAR disruption, and the decrease in the number of ISR after treatment with anxiolytic substances [4,12].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stress-Protective Effect of Thymic Peptides

et al. 2015

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Experiments on Wistar rats showed that thymic peptides produce a stress-protective effect that manifested in prevention of functional impairment of conditioned active avoidance response and a decrease in generalized motor activity typical of higher nervous activity failure. We concluded that thymic peptides significantly modulate integrative functions of the brain and produce a stress-protective effect.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

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Stress-Protective Effect of Thymic Peptides

et al. 2015

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“…Disruption is a reversible functional impairment, such that the same animals can be used for sequential assessments of the effects of nootropes initially using one of the models described above, then using the other, demonstrating the reproducibility of the nootropic effect [19]. On this basis, from one day after disruption, the next 20 presentations were performed in the initial conditions, after which the distal aperture was closed and the proximal opened and recovery of the avoidance reaction in the new conditions was studied in the next 20 presentations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Differently Directed Influences of Semax on the Formation and Functional Impairments of an Active Avoidance Reaction in Rats

Иноземцев

Agapitova

Бокиева

et al. 2015

Neurosci Behav Physi

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ACTH/MSH-like peptides (melanocortins) play an important role in regulating many body functions, including CNS functions. The current literature includes extensive data on the influences of melanocortins on the acquisition of conditioned reflexes. Studies of the actions of melanocortins on the acquisition of reflexes with positive reinforcement have unambiguously demonstrated enhancing effects [24]. Experiments using a model with negative (pain) reinforcement did not yield unambiguous results. Various authors have shown that melanocortins have both positive [25] and negative influences on learning [20].The nootropic effects of natural ACTH fragments are transient and are only seen with the most active of these compounds -that of ACTH(4-10) lasts some 30-60 min [1]. Many investigators have attempted to increase the efficacy of natural melanocortins by introducing structural modifications. These experiments produced analogs of natural peptides lacking hormonal effects had having marked activity [18]. However, none of these analogs has found use in clinical practice.Semax -an analog of the ACTH(4-10) fragment whose structure includes the ACTH(4-7) fragment and the tripeptide Pro-Gly-Pro occupies an important position among the synthetic melanocortins. Animal experiments have shown that this peptide, like natural melanocortins, has a wide spectrum of neurotropic activities [12]. Semax improves learning in animals and the duration of its effect is at least 20 h [1]. This peptide is currently used as a nootropic and neuroprotective agent. Despite the fact that medicines developed on the basis of Semax have been used in clinical practice for more than 15 years, studies of the physiological effects of the peptide continue. The relevance of these studies comes from the need to explain the mechanisms of action of Semax and the potential for widening the spectrum of its clinical application.Animal experiments have repeatedly shown that Semax has positive effects on learning with positive reinforcement [16].The effects of Semax on the formation of a conditioned active avoidance reaction were studied in rats using different experimental models. I.p. administration of Semax at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg was found to accelerate the acquisition of a one-way conditioned avoidance reaction in a model of an active pain stimulus avoidance reflex in which the animals had to jump onto a shelf. In animals trained in a shuttle box, the peptide increased the threshold current required to provoked movement of the rats across the chamber and slowed acquisition of a two-way active avoidance reaction. Semax stimulated reproduction of the avoidance reaction in the shuttle box in rats after functional impairment induced by acute changes in cause-effect and spatial relationships in the experimental environment. These data support the view that this peptide has nootropic properties.

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