Ozone sounding in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo, Brazil: Wet and dry season campaigns of 2006

Fátima, Andrade Maria de; Fornaro, Adalgiza; de, Freitas Edmilson Dias; Mazzoli, Caroline Rosario; Martins, Leila Droprinchinski; Boian, Cláudia; Oliveira, Marcio G. L; Peres, Jean Rafael Romão; Carbone, Samara; Alvalá, Plínio Carlos; Leme, Neusa Paes

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.07.083

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The climate of São Paulo is often classified as humid subtropical (Andrade et al, 2012a). The wintertime in the city is characterized by a slight decrease in temperatures, together with considerably lower relative humidity and precipitations, with more thermodynamic stability, often resulting in accumulation of air pollutants in the lower troposphere, and is also subjected to thermal inversion episodes (Miranda et al, 2012).…”

Section: Meteorological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

et al. 2017

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Abstract. São Paulo in Brazil has relatively relaxed regulations for ambient air pollution standards and often experiences high air pollution levels due to emissions of particulate pollutants from local sources and long-range transport of air masses impacted by biomass burning. In order to evaluate the sources of particulate air pollution and related health risks, a year-round sampling was done at the University of São Paulo campus (20 m a.g.l.), a green area near an important expressway. The sampling was performed for PM 2.5 (≤ 2.5 µm) and PM 10 (≤ 10 µm) in 2014 through intensive (everyday sampling in wintertime) and extensive campaigns (once a week for the whole year) with 24 h of sampling. This year was characterized by having lower average precipitation compared to meteorological data, and high-pollution episodes were observed all year round, with a significant increase in pollution level in the intensive campaign, which was performed during wintertime. Different chemical constituents, such as carbonaceous species, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and derivatives, water-soluble ions, and biomass burning tracers were identified in order to evaluate health risks and to apportion sources. The species such as PAHs, inorganic and organic ions, and monosaccharides were determined using chromatographic techniques and carbonaceous species using thermal-optical analysis. Trace elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The risks associated with particulate matter exposure based on PAH concentrations were also assessed, along with indexes such as the benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaPE) and lung cancer risk (LCR). High BaPE and LCR were observed in most of the samples, rising to critical values in the wintertime. Also, biomass burning tracers and PAHs were higher in this season, while secondarily formed ions presented low variation throughout the year. Meanwhile, vehicular tracer species were also higher in the intensive campaign, suggesting the influence of lower dispersion conditions in that period. Source apportionment was performed using positive matrix factorization (PMF), which indicated five different factors: road dust, industrial emissions, vehicuPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 11944 G. M. Pereira et al.: Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo lar exhaust, biomass burning and secondary processes. The results highlighted the contribution of vehicular emissions and the significant input from biomass combustion in wintertime, suggesting that most of the particulate matter is due to local sources, in addition to the influence of pre-harvest sugarcane burning.

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Section: Meteorological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

et al. 2017

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“…Over some forest canopies the major non-stomatal sink has been attributed to these reactions, although the compound(s) responsible have not been identified. Other transient events such as grass cutting, which releases very reactive hydrocarbons (Davison et al, 2008), can also lead to enhanced ozone deposition as a result (Coyle, 2005).…”

Section: In-canopy Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Shanghai, the largest city in China with a population of roughly 23 million, has undergone rapid development; between 1996 and 2008 industrial gross output increased by ≈ 4 times and the number of cars increased from 0.47 to 2.61 million (Tie et al, 2013). Other megacities in which vehicles are cited as the top or among the top sources of ozone precursors are Cairo, Delhi, Istanbul, Los Angeles, New York, Mexico City, Sao Paulo and the Ruhr-Rhein metropolitan region (Chelani, 2012;de Fatima et al, 2012;Parrish et al, 2011;Khoder, 2009;Im and Kanakidou, 2012;Melkonyan and Kuttler, 2012;Bon et al, 2011). In cities like Lagos in Nigeria it is a combination of traffic and open biomass burning driving large ozone exceedances from emission of NMVOCs (Marais et al, 2014).…”

Section: Megacitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer

Monks¹,

Archibald²,

Colette³

et al. 2014

Preprint

124

168

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Abstract. Ozone holds a certain fascination in atmospheric science. It is ubiquitous in the atmosphere, central to tropospheric oxidation chemistry, yet harmful to human and ecosystem health as well as being an important greenhouse gas. It is not emitted into the atmosphere but is a by-product of the very oxidation chemistry it largely initiates. Much effort is focussed on the reduction of surface levels of ozone owing to its health impacts but recent efforts to achieve reductions in exposure at a country scale have proved difficult to achieve due to increases in background ozone at the zonal hemispheric scale. There is also a growing realisation that the role of ozone as a short-lived climate pollutant could be important in integrated air quality climate-change mitigation. This review examines current understanding of the processes regulating tropospheric ozone at global to local scales from both measurements and models. It takes the view that knowledge across the scales is important for dealing with air quality and climate change in a synergistic manner.

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“…There were two experimental campaigns, one conducted in 2006 (Andrade et al, 2012a), with eight soundings in the fall (from www.frontiersin.org…”

Section: Air Quality and Meteorological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Air quality forecasting system for Southeastern Brazil

Andrade

Ynoue

Freitas

et al. 2015

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Southeastern Brazil, the most populous and developed region of the country, faces various environmental problems associated with the growth of its population in urban areas. It is the most industrialized area in the country, comprising the metropolitan areas of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, and other major cities. Air quality is a major concern, because the reported concentrations of certain regulated pollutants, typically ozone and fine particulate, have exceeded national standards. Due to the difficulty in taking measurements over many different areas, air quality modeling is a useful tool to estimate air pollutant concentrations. For southeastern Brazil, air quality modeling has been performed mostly with the Brazilian Regional Atmospheric Modeling System with Simplified Photochemical Module and the Weather Research and Forecast with Chemistry models. One of the main objectives was to study the evolution of air quality associated with improved vehicle emission factors in urban areas, the impact of climate change on air quality, and the relationship between pollutant concentrations and health. Knowledge of mobile source emission factors has been continuously expanded by in-tunnel measurements and dynamometer protocols, which provide accurate data as inputs to photochemical air quality models. The spatial distribution of the mobile source emissions was constructed based on open access data related to the streets and traffic distribution. The mobile emission module was combined to the chemistry modeling and this implementation can be an example to be applied to other places that do not have a spatial distribution of this source. Forecasts of pollutant concentrations can inform public policies, including those addressing the effects of pollutants on health of the general population, and studies of the impacts of using different fuels and implementation of emissions regulations programs.

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Ozone sounding in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo, Brazil: Wet and dry season campaigns of 2006

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer

Air quality forecasting system for Southeastern Brazil

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