Ozone Pollution, Oxidative Stress, Regulatory T Cells and Antioxidants

Abstract

Ozone pollution, is a serious health problem worldwide. Repeated exposure to low ozone doses causes a loss of regulation of the oxidation–reduction systems, and also induces a chronic state of oxidative stress. This fact is of special importance for the regulation of different systems including the immune system and the inflammatory response. In addition, the oxidation–reduction balance modulates the homeostasis of these and other complex systems such as metabolism, survival capacity, cell renewal, and brain repair, etc. Likewise, it has been widely demonstrated that in chronic degenerative diseases, an alteration in the oxide-reduction balance is present, and this alteration causes a chronic loss in the regulation of the immune response and the inflammatory process. This is because reactive oxygen species disrupt different signaling pathways. Such pathways are related to the role of regulatory T cells (Treg) in inflammation. This causes an increase in chronic deterioration in the degenerative disease over time. The objective of this review was to study the relationship between environmental ozone pollution, the chronic state of oxidative stress and its effect on Treg cells, which causes the loss of regulation in the inflammatory response as well as the role played by antioxidant systems in various pathologies.

Telomerase reverse transcriptase and neurodegenerative diseases

“…In short, there is an interaction between oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, and the inflammatory factors produced by the body can potentially cause an immune response that can affect the progression of NDs. This results in increased expression of IL-17 and Syntaxin5 in the hippocampus of the brain, leading to cognitive impairment ( 32 ). Given the anti-aging and antioxidant effects of TERT, it is essential to further examine the relationship between TERT and various neurodegenerative diseases.…”

“…As such, TERT has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of age-related NDs ( 30 , 31 ) Research has shown that telomerase activation promotes lymphocyte proliferation and slows down cellular senescence, while TERT upregulation prevents or reverses tissue and organ degeneration and premature aging in mice ( 11 ). Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by an altered balance of oxidation-reduction, leading to disruptions in cellular signaling pathways and the regulation of the immune response and inflammatory processes through ROS ( 32 ). In NDs, the intracellular accumulation of amyloid β protein and neuronal death is accompanied by increased Th1-Th17 responses and decreased Th2 responses ( 33 ).…”

Ambient ozone pollution impairs glucose homeostasis and contributes to renal function decline: Population-based evidence

“…As a gaseous pollutant, the health effects and pathogenic mechanisms of ozone might differ from those of particulate matter ( Rivas-Arancibia et al, 2022 , Shinyashiki et al, 2009 ). Currently, available evidence for ozone pollution and renal function differed significantly ( Table S1 ).…”

Cyclic Storage Chamber Ozonation as a Method to Inhibit Ethylene Generation during Plum Fruit Storage

“…Another way to extend the shelf life of fruits in the supply chain is through the ozonation process [7,8]. In recent years, gaseous ozone (O 3 ) has gained importance as an effective factor in prolonging the shelf life of fruits in the food industry.…”

“…In recent years, gaseous ozone (O 3 ) has gained importance as an effective factor in prolonging the shelf life of fruits in the food industry. O 3 is an allotropic form of oxygen with the ability to disinfect and maintain the freshness of plantbased materials by reducing microbiological contamination and enzymatic processes [7,8]. However, most of the literature focuses on the impact of a one-time ozone treatment of plant materials immediately after harvesting on their quality and shelf life.…”