Ozone Generation Using Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes

Meas, Y.; Godı́nez, Luis A.; Bustos, Erika

doi:10.1002/9781118062364.ch13

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, it has some limitations in terms of the inactivation of resistant pathogens such as Cryptosporidium parvumoocysts and Giardia lamblia ( Shi et al., 2021 ). In addition, competitive reactions with organic matter, as well as changes in pH, alkalinity and temperature, could modify its solubility in water and affect the oxidant efficiency ( Meas et al., 2011 , Zhang et al., 2020d ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo-assisted electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for the disinfection of aqueous solutions: A review

et al. 2021

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Disinfection is usually the final step in water treatment and its effectiveness is of paramount importance in ensuring public health. Chlorination, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and ozone (O 3 ) are currently the most common methods for water disinfection; however, the generation of toxic by-products and the non-remnant effect of UV and O 3 still constitute major drawbacks. Photo-assisted electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) on the other hand, appear as a potentially effective option for water disinfection. In these processes, the synergism between electrochemically produced active species and photo-generated radicals, improve their performance when compared with the corresponding separate processes and with other physical or chemical approaches. In photo-assisted EAOPs the inactivation of pathogens takes place by means of mechanisms that occur at different distances from the anode, that is: (i) directly at the electrode’s surface (direct oxidation), (ii) at the anode’s vicinity by means of electrochemically generated hydroxyl radical species (quasi-direct), (iii) or at the bulk solution (away from the electrode surface) by photo-electrogenerated active species (indirect oxidation). This review addresses state of the art reports concerning the inactivation of pathogens in water by means of photo-assisted EAOPs such as photo-electrocatalytic process, photo-assisted electrochemical oxidation, photo-electrocoagulation and cathodic processes. By focusing on the oxidation mechanism, it was found that while quasi-direct oxidation is the preponderant inactivation mechanism, the photo-electrocatalytic process using semiconductor materials is the most studied method as revealed by numerous reports in the literature. Advantages, disadvantages, trends and perspectives for water disinfection in photo-assisted EAOPs are also analyzed in this work.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo-assisted electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for the disinfection of aqueous solutions: A review

et al. 2021

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“…This is because the pH of the medium is highly acidic at pH 2, where ozone is not expected to report any decomposition to • OH at such acidic pH (Huber et al 2005), not to mention that the life-time of • OH is 0.2 -40 µs (Burns et al 2012). Moreover, previously ruled out the possibility of the electrochemical formation of ozone or H2O2 in sulfate systems employing BDD anodes using a careful method, despite that the production of these oxidants has been earlier reported elsewhere in literature (Cañizares et al 2009, Panizza and Cerisola 2009, Meas et al 2011).…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Of the Formation Of Long-life Sulfate-bamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-active anode materials such as boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes are reported to possess high electrocatalytic activity towards oxidation due to their high oxygen evolution overpotential, rendering them capable of generating weakly adsorbed • OH radicals (Comninellis 1994, Chen et al 2003. Besides • OH, these powerful BDD anodes can also produce peroxy species such as ozone and hydrogen peroxide as well as percarbonate, perphosphate and persulfate in the presence of their corresponding ions (Cañizares et al 2009, Panizza and Cerisola 2009, Meas et al 2011. However, despite the extensive work published on electrochemical generation of • OH radicals and their strong oxidation power in mineralizing organic contaminants in EAOPs, there is very little work conducted on the potential electrochemical contribution of these peroxy species or their intermediate species such as SO4 •radicals to the oxidation of the organic contaminants in these processes.…”

Section: List Of Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the absence of any chloride ions in the system, no long-life chlorine is expected to be playing any role in these experiments. Thus, the possibility of a potential contribution of other long-life oxidants such as ozone, hydrogen peroxide, or persulfate to the removal of diatrizoate can be argued since the production of these oxidants has been reported in literature (Cañizares et al 2009, Panizza and Cerisola 2009, Meas et al 2011). However, hydrogen peroxide and persulfate ions were both shown to be unlikely candidates (Chapter 4, Section 4.3.2, Table 4.2), and diatrizoate is reported to be very recalcitrant to ozone (Ternes et al 2003, Huber et al 2005.…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Of the Formation Of Long-life Sulfate-bamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In environmental applications, boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes have attracted a lot of interest in electrochemical oxidation processes for removing persistent organic contaminants from wastewater, because of their ability to electro-generate hydroxyl radicals ( • OH) capable of mineralizing organic contaminants (Chen et al 2003, Oturan 2014. Besides • OH as well as ozone and hydrogen peroxide, BDD anodes can also produce peroxy species (e.g., C2O6 2-, P2O8 4and S2O8 2-) in the presence of their corresponding ions (Saha et al 2003, Cañizares et al 2009, Panizza and Cerisola 2009, Meas et al 2011, where persulfate has been reported to possess slow oxidation kinetics with organic compounds in the absence of an activator. Thus, BDD electrooxidation mechanisms in the presence of sulfate have typically been interpreted by the action of • OH, while considering sulfate an inert anolyte , Panizza and Cerisola 2009, Sirés et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Oxidation of Recalcitrant Organic Compounds using Electro-Generated Sulfate-based Oxidizing Agents

Farhat¹

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Sulfate ions have often been used as background electrolytes in electrochemical degradation of contaminants, and have generally been considered inert even when employing high oxidation power anodes such as boron-doped diamond. Boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes are widely used in literature for investigating electrochemical oxidation of contaminants due to their excellent capability to form hydroxyl radicals as well as inorganic radicals such as chlorine, phosphate, and sulfate radicals, electrogenerated when their corresponding anions are present in the influent water. This study examined the role of sulfate ions and the potential electro-generation of sulfate-based oxidants by comparing electrooxidation rates for persistent organic contaminants at BDD anodes in the presence of sulfate or nitrate anolytes (considered as inert). The effect of the operating conditions governing this process such as anolyte concentration / conductivity, applied current density, as well as solution volume were explored in this work. The characteristics and the reactive life-time of these electro-chemically generated sulfatebased oxidizing agents were further explored by studying the oxidation extent occurring after the electric current has been switched off or via different modes of intermittent electric current as an option to improve energy efficiency. The effect of chloride ions on the sulfate-based electrooxidation processes for the removal of a natural organic matter surrogate, resorcinol, was also addressed in this work because the anodic oxidation of chloride yields oxidizing species such as chlorine / hypochlorous acid as well as chlorine/chloride radicals, and may compete with sulfate-based oxidizing species, leading to the formation of toxic organic and inorganic chlorinated compounds at higher applied potentials.The detailed investigations showed that sulfate yielded 10 -15 times higher electrooxidation rates of all target contaminants compared to the rates achieved with a nitrate anolyte at identical conductivities. The presence of specific radical quenchers (tert-butanol, methanol) reported a similar effect on diatrizoate electrooxidation rates, illustrating that hydroxyl radicals ( • OH) are most likely influencing the potential anodic formation of sulfate-based oxidizing species. Thus, these results indicate the formation of strong sulfate-derived oxidant species at BDD anodes, where the energy consumption required for a 10-fold removal of diatrizoate was reduced from 45.6 to 2.44 kWh m -3 by switching from nitrate to sulfate anolyte. This electrochemical activation of sulfate was also observed at low concentrations, relevant for many wastewaters, where even only 1.56 mM sulfate anolyte solution (3.5 mS cm -1 and 100 A m -2 ) achieved a higher removal rate than 60 mM nitrate with correspondingly higher conductivity (9.0 mS cm -1 ) and operated at double the current density (200 A m -2 ). Chloride addition to Na2SO4 inhibited the resorcinol oxidation and mineralization, unlike its addition to NaNO3 where it enhanced the ...

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A critical review on the existing wastewater treatment methods in the COVID-19 era: What is the potential of advanced oxidation processes in combatting viral especially SARS-CoV-2?

Mousazadeh

Kabdaşlı

Khademi³

et al. 2022

Journal of Water Process Engineering

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Ozone Generation Using Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes

Cited by 8 publications

References 95 publications

Photo-assisted electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for the disinfection of aqueous solutions: A review

Photo-assisted electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for the disinfection of aqueous solutions: A review

Electrochemical Oxidation of Recalcitrant Organic Compounds using Electro-Generated Sulfate-based Oxidizing Agents

A critical review on the existing wastewater treatment methods in the COVID-19 era: What is the potential of advanced oxidation processes in combatting viral especially SARS-CoV-2?

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