“…Inactivation of this virus in the water environment is a crucial preventive measure against coronavirus disease (Teymoorian et al, 2021;Vadiati et al, 2022). Nowadays, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the research is focused more on the detection, impact, and elimination of viruses and their fragments contained in wastewater (Kallem et al, 2023;Lahrich et al, 2021;Majumder et al, 2021;Mancuso et al, 2021;Mousazadeh et al, 2022;Sangkham, 2021;Tran et al, 2021;Wang, Shen, et al, 2020;Zahmatkesh et al, 2022). The most commonly used technologies for disinfection of hospital wastewater are ozone, chlorine, ultraviolet irradiation, sodium hypochlorite, or chlorine dioxide (Wang, Xu, & Sheng, 2020;Zhang et al, 2016).…”