Ozone flux over a Norway spruce forest and correlation with net ecosystem production

Zapletal, Miloš; Cudlín, Pavel; Chroust, Petr; Urban, Otmar; Pokorný, Radek; Edwards‐Jonášová, Magda; Czerný, Radek; Janouš, Dalibor; Taufarová, Klára; Večeřa, Zbyněk; Mikuška, Pavel; Paoletti, Elena

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2010.11.037

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Similar results were reported by Zapletal et al . (), where the highest percentage of explained variability in the NEP of a Norway spruce ( Picea abies ) forest was obtained using stomatal ozone flux rather than [O 3 ]. This case study also revealed that in Blodgett and Lindcove, the predictor assumes positive sign similar to [O 3 ] (Table ), thus suggesting that a negative effect of ozone occurs in Blodgett and Lindcove.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Tropospheric ozone reduces carbon assimilation in trees: estimates from analysis of continuous flux measurements

Fares¹,

Vargas

Detto

et al. 2013

Global Change Biology

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108

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High ground-level ozone concentrations are typical of Mediterranean climates. Plant exposure to this oxidant is known to reduce carbon assimilation. Ozone damage has been traditionally measured through manipulative experiments that do not consider long-term exposure and propagate large uncertainty by up-scaling leaf-level observations to ecosystem-level interpretations. We analyzed long-term continuous measurements (>9 site-years at 30 min resolution) of environmental and eco-physiological parameters at three Mediterranean ecosystems: (i) forest site dominated by Pinus ponderosa in the Sierra Mountains in California, USA; (ii) forest site composed of a mixture of Quercus spp. and P. pinea in the Tyrrhenian sea coast near Rome, Italy; and (iii) orchard site of Citrus sinensis cultivated in the California Central Valley, USA. We hypothesized that higher levels of ozone concentration in the atmosphere result in a decrease in carbon assimilation by trees under field conditions. This hypothesis was tested using time series analysis such as wavelet coherence and spectral Granger causality, and complemented with multivariate linear and nonlinear statistical analyses. We found that reduction in carbon assimilation was more related to stomatal ozone deposition than to ozone concentration. The negative effects of ozone occurred within a day of exposure/uptake. Decoupling between carbon assimilation and stomatal aperture increased with the amount of ozone pollution. Up to 12-19% of the carbon assimilation reduction in P. ponderosa and in the Citrus plantation was explained by higher stomatal ozone deposition. In contrast, the Italian site did not show reductions in gross primary productivity either by ozone concentration or stomatal ozone deposition, mainly due to the lower ozone concentrations in the periurban site over the shorter period of investigation. These results highlight the importance of plant adaptation/sensitivity under field conditions, and the importance of continuous long-term measurements to explain ozone damage to real-world forests and calculate metrics for ozone-risk assessment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Tropospheric ozone reduces carbon assimilation in trees: estimates from analysis of continuous flux measurements

Fares¹,

Vargas

Detto

et al. 2013

Global Change Biology

Self Cite

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Other parts of the Carpathians, particularly the western part of the range (Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Poland), some of the Eastern (Ukraine) and Southern (Romania) Carpathians and the Jizerske Mountains have high O 3 levels with the peak values >100 ppb and seasonal means of 50 ppb (Bytnerowicz et al 2004). In the Czech Republic, the O 3 flux over a Norway spruce forest was measured by the gradient method and the results showed that the total deposition and stomatal uptake of O 3 significantly decreased the net ecosystem production (Zapletal et al 2011). As shown in our results, mean O 3 concentrations are high enough to effective O 3 uptake through stomata of coniferous trees supported by colder and wetter mountain climate favourable for open stomata processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone phytotoxicity in the Western Carpathian Mountains in Slovakia

Bíčárová¹,

Sitková²,

Pavlendová³

2016

Forestry Journal

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In this work, the response of temperate coniferous forests to ozone air pollution (O 3 ) recommended for the protection of spruce forests were exceeded at all experimental plots from early July. Similarly, AOT40 index suggests vulnerability of mountain forests to O 3 pollution. AOT40 values increased with altitude and reached values varying from 6.2 ppm h in Stará Lesná (810 m a.s.l.) to 10.7 ppm h at Skalnaté Pleso close to the timber line (1,778 m a.s.l.). Concentration-based critical level (CLec) of 5,000 ppb h was exceeded from June to August and was different for each experimental site.)

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“…Global chemicaltransport models predict a global dry deposition flux of ∼1000 Tg(O 3 ) yr −1 , which is equal in magnitude to the sum of inputs from net chemistry (production -loss) and stratosphere-troposphere exchange (Stevenson et al, 2006). Deposition of ozone induces a range of biochemical and physiological changes in vegetation (Darrall, 1989;Zheng et al, 2002;Goumenaki et al, 2010), which can alter hydrocarbon emission profiles and inhibit carbon sequestration (Ashmore, 2005;Matyssek et al, 2010;Zapletal et al, 2011;Bytnerowicz et al, 2008). A coupled chemistry-climate modeling study by Sitch et al (2007) suggests that indirect radiative forcing associated with the limiting effect of ozone deposition on terrestrial net primary productivity is equal in magnitude to the direct forcing from tropospheric ozone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest-atmosphere exchange of ozone: sensitivity to very reactive biogenic VOC emissions and implications for in-canopy photochemistry

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Understanding the fate of ozone within and above forested environments is vital to assessing the anthropogenic impact on ecosystems and air quality at the urbanrural interface. Observed forest-atmosphere exchange of ozone is often much faster than explicable by stomatal uptake alone, suggesting the presence of additional ozone sinks within the canopy. Using the Chemistry of AtmosphereForest Exchange (CAFE) model in conjunction with summer noontime observations from the 2007 Biosphere Effects on Aerosols and Photochemistry Experiment (BEARPEX-2007), we explore the viability and implications of the hypothesis that ozonolysis of very reactive but yet unidentified biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) can influence the forest-atmosphere exchange of ozone. Nonstomatal processes typically generate 67 % of the observed ozone flux, but reactions of ozone with measured BVOC, including monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, can account for only 2 % of this flux during the selected timeframe. By incorporating additional emissions and chemistry of a proxy for very reactive VOC (VRVOC) that undergo rapid ozonolysis, we demonstrate that an in-canopy chemical ozone sink of ∼2 × 10 8 molec cm −3 s −1 can close the ozone flux budget. Even in such a case, the 65 min chemical lifetime of ozone is much longer than the canopy residence time of ∼2 min, highlighting that chemistry can influence reactive trace gas exchange even when it is "slow" relative to vertical mixing. This level of VRVOC ozonolysis could enhance OH and RO 2 production by as much as 1 pptv s −1 and substantially alter their respective vertical profiles depending on the acCorrespondence to: J. A. Thornton (thornton@atmos.washington.edu) tual product yields. Reaction products would also contribute significantly to the oxidized VOC budget and, by extension, secondary organic aerosol mass. Given the potentially significant ramifications of a chemical ozone flux for both incanopy chemistry and estimates of ozone deposition, future efforts should focus on quantifying both ozone reactivity and non-stomatal (e.g. cuticular) deposition within the forest.

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Ozone flux over a Norway spruce forest and correlation with net ecosystem production

Cited by 35 publications

References 44 publications

Tropospheric ozone reduces carbon assimilation in trees: estimates from analysis of continuous flux measurements

Tropospheric ozone reduces carbon assimilation in trees: estimates from analysis of continuous flux measurements

Ozone phytotoxicity in the Western Carpathian Mountains in Slovakia

Forest-atmosphere exchange of ozone: sensitivity to very reactive biogenic VOC emissions and implications for in-canopy photochemistry

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