Tropospheric ozone reduces carbon assimilation in trees: estimates from analysis of continuous flux measurements

Fares, Silvano; Vargas, Rodrigo; Detto, Matteo; Goldstein, Allen H.; Karlik, J.; Paoletti, Elena; Vitale, Marcello

doi:10.1111/gcb.12222

Cited by 109 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Present-day O 3 exposure reduced GPP by 10 to 25 % in Europe and 10.8 % globally in the study by Lombardozzi et al (2015) using the Community Land Model (CLM). O 3 reduced NPP by 11.2 % in Europe from 1989 to 1995 using the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) (Felzer et al, 2005). Globally, concentrations of O 3 predicted for 2100 reduced GPP by 14 to 23 % using a former parameterisation of O 3 sensitivity in JULES (Sitch et al, 2007).…”

Section: Comparison Of Modelled Estimates Of O 3 Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zak et al (2011) showed this was partly due to a shift in community structure as O 3 -tolerant species, competitively inferior in low-O 3 environments, outcompeted O 3 -sensitive species. Gross primary productivity (GPP) was reduced (−12 to −19 %) at two Mediterranean ecosystems exposed to O 3 (ranging between 20 and 72 ppb across sites and through the year) studied by Fares et al (2013). Biomass of mature beech trees was reduced (−44 %) after 8 years of exposure to O 3 (∼ 150 ppb) (Matyssek et al, 2010a).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Large but decreasing effect of ozone on the European carbon sink

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The capacity of the terrestrial biosphere to sequester carbon and mitigate climate change is governed by the ability of vegetation to remove emissions of CO 2 through photosynthesis. Tropospheric O 3 , a globally abundant and potent greenhouse gas, is, however, known to damage plants, causing reductions in primary productivity. Despite emission control policies across Europe, background concentrations of tropospheric O 3 have risen significantly over the last decades due to hemispheric-scale increases in O 3 and its precursors. Therefore, plants are exposed to increasing background concentrations, at levels currently causing chronic damage. Studying the impact of O 3 on European vegetation at the regional scale is important for gaining greater understanding of the impact of O 3 on the land carbon sink at large spatial scales. In this work we take a regional approach and update the JULES land surface model using new measurements specifically for European vegetation. Given the importance of stomatal conductance in determining the flux of O 3 into plants, we implement an alternative stomatal closure parameterisation and account for diurnal variations in O 3 concentration in our simulations. We conduct our analysis specifically for the European region to quantify the impact of the interactive effects of tropospheric O 3 and CO 2 on gross primary productivity (GPP) and land carbon storage across Europe. A factorial set of model experiments showed that tropospheric O 3 can suppress terrestrial carbon uptake across Europe over the period 1901 to 2050. By 2050, simulated GPP was reduced by 4 to 9 % due to plant O 3 damage and land carbon storage was reduced by 3 to 7 %. The combined physiological effects of elevated future CO 2 (acting to reduce stomatal opening) and reductions in O 3 concentrations resulted in reduced O 3 damage in the future. This alleviation of O 3 damage by CO 2 -induced stomatal closure was around 1 to 2 % for both land carbon and GPP, depending on plant sensitivity to O 3 . Reduced land carbon storage resulted from diminished soil carbon stocks consistent with the reduction in GPP. Regional variations are identified with larger impacts shown for temperate Europe (GPP reduced by 10 to 20 %) compared to boreal regions (GPP reduced by 2 to 8 %). These results highlight that O 3 damage needs to be considered when predicting GPP and land carbon, and that the effects of O 3 on plant physiology need to be considered in regional land carbon cycle assessments.

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Section: Comparison Of Modelled Estimates Of O 3 Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Large but decreasing effect of ozone on the European carbon sink

et al. 2018

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“…L'O 3 troposphérique a des effets néfastes sur la santé humaine (fonctions cardiorespiratoires), sur la végétation (ex. lésions foliaires visibles, diminution de l'activité photosynthé-tique, taux de croissance réduit, sénescence préma-turée) et sur les matériaux (WHO, 2008 ;Screpanti et De Marco, 2009 ;Paoletti et al, 2009 ;Mills et al, 2011 ;Fares et al, 2013 ;EEA, 2015 ;Sicard et al, 2016a,b).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Ozone troposphérique en France : distribution spatiale et tendances sur la période 1999-2012

Sicard¹,

Rossello²

2017

Pollution Atmosphérique

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Résumé), en particulier pendant la période froide. Cette augmentation peut être attribuée à l'augmentation des apports d'O 3 (et de ses précurseurs) par le transport transcontinental et à une plus faible destruction de l'O 3 par le NO en raison de la réduction des émissions locales de NO x . Entre 1999 et 2012, les tendances montrent que la menace pour la population et la végétation a diminué en France, ce qui démontre le succès des stratégies de contrôle des émissions en Europe au cours des 20 dernières années. Cependant, pour tous les indicateurs d'exposition, les seuils de protection sont dépassés régulièrement, et les objectifs des directives européennes de qualité de l'air ne sont pas respectés. Pour l'O 3 , la région à haut risque est le Sud-Est de la France. Cette étude apporte des informations innovantes sur i) la distribution spatiale des concentrations en O 3 ; ii) les dépassements ; iii) les tendances afin de définir des normes plus appropriées pour la protection de la santé humaine et des écosystèmes en France. Mots-clésLAOT40, ozone, test de Mann-Kendall, SOMO35, tendance(1) ACRI-HE, 260 route du Pin

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“…In contrast, more than a thousand air pollu-tion monitoring stations have been erected in urban areas of Japan since the 1970s (http://soramame.taiki.go.jp/). If O 3 concentrations over forests at CO 2 flux sites could be correlated with those recorded at monitoring stations in urban areas, the effect of historical O 3 concentrations on CO 2 fluxes could be evaluated at the forest level (Fares et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of ozone concentrations above forests using atmospheric observations at urban air pollution monitoring stations

Komatsu

Yoshimura

Fujii

et al. 2015

J. Agric. Meteorol.

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As tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) concentrations over Japan are increasing, there is concern over its potential adverse effects on forest trees induced by stomatal uptake in the daytime. Although atmospheric data, including O 3 levels, have been frequently collected at air pollution monitoring stations in urban areas since the 1970s, continuous recording of O 3 concentration data above forests has been less frequent. Therefore, O 3 concentrations above forests were monitored at three flux towers in Sapporo, Appi, and Yamashiro from 2012 onwards. Furthermore, past daytime O 3 concentrations in the forests were estimated by a multiple regression model using atmospheric and meteorological data of the forests and nearby monitoring stations. The obtained daytime (sunrise to sunset) forest O 3 concentrations were positively correlated with urban O 3 concentrations, although less correlated early in the morning. In the multiple regression analysis, the model with the minimum Akaike information criterion was employed using data from 2012 and validated using data from 2013. To assess past O 3 risk, we estimated O 3 concentrations over the forests from 2000 to 2011 and calculated the cumulative exposure index AOT40 during daylight hours (≥ 50 Wm -2 global radiation). Among the three sites, AOT40 was lowest in the Sapporo forest site and did not exceed the critical level for the dominant canopy species (Betula platyphylla var. japonica and Quercus mongolica var. crispula) from 2000 to 2011. Conversely, since the dominant canopy species of the Appi forest site is Fagus crenata, categorized as a highly O 3 -sensitive species, the forest of Appi was subject to AOT40 above the critical level throughout the period from 2001 to 2011. As AOT40 of Yamashiro has increased and exceeded the critical level of the dominant canopy species, Q. serrata (a moderately O 3 -sensitive species), since 2006, the forest of Yamashiro might have suffered some adverse effects of O 3 exposure.

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Tropospheric ozone reduces carbon assimilation in trees: estimates from analysis of continuous flux measurements

Cited by 109 publications

References 58 publications

Large but decreasing effect of ozone on the European carbon sink

Large but decreasing effect of ozone on the European carbon sink

Ozone troposphérique en France : distribution spatiale et tendances sur la période 1999-2012

Estimation of ozone concentrations above forests using atmospheric observations at urban air pollution monitoring stations

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