Ozone depletion and global warming: Case for the use of natural refrigerant – a review

Bolaji, Bukola Olalekan; Huan, Zhongjie

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2012.10.008

Cited by 337 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…CFCs have been gradually replaced by the less harmful and comparatively low ozone layer depleting refrigerants' class hydrochloro-fluoro-carbons known as HCFC such as tetra-fluoro-ethane (R-134a) which is still in use for refrigeration application though there are efforts to phase it out for the same reason [13]. Sometimes refrigerants like HCFC (R123) and HFC (R245fa) are chosen as the working fluids for the Organic Rankine Cycle / Vapor Compression Cycle systems.…”

Section: Low Temperature Collectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Heat Transfer Fluids Used for Solar Thermal Energy Applications

Srivastva¹,

Malhotra²,

Sc³

2015

J Fundam Renewable Energy Appl

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Solar thermal collectors are emerging as a prime mode of harnessing the solar radiations for generation of alternate energy. Heat transfer fluids (HTFs) are employed for transferring and utilizing the solar heat collected via solar thermal energy collectors. Solar thermal collectors are commonly categorized into low temperature collectors, medium temperature collectors and high temperature collectors. Low temperature solar collectors use phase changing refrigerants and water as heat transfer fluids. Degrading water quality in certain geographic locations and high freezing point is hampering its suitability and hence use of water-glycol mixtures as well as water-based nano fluids are gaining momentum in low temperature solar collector applications. Hydrocarbons like propane, pentane and butane are also used as refrigerants in many cases. HTFs used in medium temperature solar collectors include water, waterglycol mixtures -the emerging "green glycol" i.e., trimethylene glycol and also a whole range of naturally occurring hydrocarbon oils in various compositions such as aromatic oils, naphthenic oils and paraffinic oils in their increasing order of operating temperatures. In some cases, semi-synthetic heat transfer oils have also been reported to be used. HTFs for high temperature solar collectors are a high priority area and extensive investigations and developments are occurring globally. In this category, wide range of molecules starting from water in direct steam generation, air, synthetic hydrocarbon oils, nanofluid compositions, molten salts, molten metals, dense suspension of solid silicon carbide particles etc., are being explored and employed. Among these, synthetic hydrocarbon oils are used as a fluid of choice in majority of high temperature solar collector applications while other HTFs are being used with varying degree of experimental maturity and commercial viability -for maximizing their benefits and minimizing their disadvantages. Present paper reviews the recent developments taking place in the area of heat transfer fluids for harnessing solar thermal energy. Refrigerants/phase changing materials: These are low boiling point but high heat capacity substances used in the solar collectors to transfer heat in applications like solar space cooling and heating, refrigerators, air conditioning, etc [7]. These materials absorb heat from the solar collectors, produce work either by expanding in a turbo-generator of a vapor compression cycle or by dissociating the refrigerant from its absorbent in a vapor absorption cycle [8]. In some of the relatively high temperature applications, higher boiling point refrigerants are used as indirect heat transfer fluids, wherein the heat collected from the solar collectors is transferred to another fluid like water from where the refrigerants pick-up heat to do the required work in the turbo-generators [9,10]. Recent Developments in Heat Transfer

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Section: Low Temperature Collectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Heat Transfer Fluids Used for Solar Thermal Energy Applications

Srivastva¹,

Malhotra²,

Sc³

2015

J Fundam Renewable Energy Appl

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“…Both theoretical and exprimental results exhibited that energy efficiency ratio of R161 was superior than the R22. A thorough review study reported that hydrcarbons and its mixtures were viable refrigerants to refrigeration related industries [9]. Therortical performance studies were carried out in a simple saturation vapour compression system with R1234yf, R161, R152a and R134a respectively [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical computation of thermodynamic performance parameters of actual vapour compression refrigeration system with R22, R32, R134a, R152a, R290 and R1270

2018

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Abstract. The present work focuses on analytical computation of thermodynamic performance of actual vapour compression refrigeration system by using six pure refrigerants. The refrigerants are namely R22, R32, R134a, R152a, R290 and R1270 respectively. A MATLAB code is developed to compute the thermodynamic performance parameters of actual vapour compression system such as refrigeration effect, compressor work, COP, power per ton of refrigeration, compressor discharge temperature and volumetric refrigeration capacity at condensing and evaporating temperatures of 54.4oC and 7.2oC respectively. Analytical results exhibited that COP of both R32 and R134a are 15.95% and 11.71% higher among the six investigated refrigerants. However R32 and R134a cannot be replaced directly into R22 system. This is due to their higher compressor discharge temperature and poor volumetric capacity respectively. The discharge temperature of both R1270 and R290 are lower than R22 by 20-26oC. Volumetric refrigeration capacity of R1270 (3197 kJ/m3) is very close to that of volumetric capacity of R22 (3251 kJ/m3). Both R1270 and R290 shows good miscibility with R22 mineral oil. Overall R1270 would be a suitable ecofriendly refrigerant to replace R22 from the stand point of ODP, GWP, volumetric capacity, discharge temperature and miscibility with mineral oil although its COP is lower.

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“…Experimental studies reported that performance of binary mixture R170/R290 (4/96 by mass %) was similar to that of performance of R22 [9]. A detailed review paper suggested that hydrocarbons and its blends were most suitable candidates to air conditioning and refrigeration sectors [10]. Experimental studies were conducted in a heat pump apparatus with R22 and binary blend R431A (R290/R152a 71/29 by mass %) used for heat pump and air conditioning applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance computation of window air conditioner with very low GWP near azeotropic refrigerant mixtures as a drop in Substitutes to R22

2018

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Abstract. The principal objective of the present study is to compute the thermodynamic performance of window air conditioner based on standard vapour compression refrigeration cycle using R22, R407C and nineteen refrigerant mixtures. In this work nineteen R290/R1270 blends at different compositions are developed. A MATLAB code is developed to compute the thermodynamic performance parameters of all the studied refrigerants at condensing and evaporating temperatures of 54.4 0 C and 7.2 0 C respectively. The performance parameters are cooling effect, compressor work, COP, compressor discharge temperature, power per ton of refrigeration and volumetric cooling capacity respectively. Analytical results revealed that COP of new binary mixture R290/R1270 (90/10 by mass %) is 2.82% higher among R22, R407C and nineteen studied refrigerants. Energy required by the compressor per ton of refrigeration for R290/R1270 (90/10 by mass %) is 2.73% lower among R22, R407C and nineteen studied fluids. The discharge temperature of the compressor for all the nineteen investigated blends are reduced by 6.0-8.9oC compared to R22. Overall thermodynamic performance of window air conditioner with R290/R1270 (90/10 by mass %) is better than R22 with significant savings in energy consumption and hence it is an energy efficient ecofriendly refrigerant mixture as a drop in substitute to R22.

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Ozone depletion and global warming: Case for the use of natural refrigerant – a review

Cited by 337 publications

References 16 publications

Recent Developments in Heat Transfer Fluids Used for Solar Thermal Energy Applications

Recent Developments in Heat Transfer Fluids Used for Solar Thermal Energy Applications

Analytical computation of thermodynamic performance parameters of actual vapour compression refrigeration system with R22, R32, R134a, R152a, R290 and R1270

Performance computation of window air conditioner with very low GWP near azeotropic refrigerant mixtures as a drop in Substitutes to R22

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