Ozone Control Strategies Based on the Ratio of Volatile Organic Compounds to Nitrogen Oxides

Wolff, George T.; Korsog, Patricia E.

doi:10.1080/10473289.1992.10467064

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The approach that attempts to assess ozone-precursor relationships based on quantities measured at the same site appears to be important in light of the difficulty of relating VOC/NO X ratios measured at a site to ozone maximum in the same area. 22 Wolff and Korsog 22 showed that 6-9 AM VOC/ NO X ratios at many sites in the eastern United States are highly variable from day to day, with no apparent relationships between ratios measured at different sites within the same area. Statistical analysis failed to identify significant relationships between the 6-9 AM VOC/NO X ratio and the maximum 1-h ozone within a given area.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Ozone-Precursor Relationships Based on a Smog Production Model and Ambient Data

Chang

Suzio

1995

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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A semi-empirical model, Johnson's smog production model (SFM), which relates precursor emissions to ozone levels and estimates the relative effectiveness of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and NO X emission controls, has been evaluated and a modified version of SPM has been introduced. Both versions have been applied to routine data from 1989-1991 in five areas in the United States. In particular, extent parameters, which reveal the relative merit of VOC and NO X controls in reducing high ozone levels, have been calculated. Preliminary applications of SPM reveal interesting features with respect to VOC vs. NO X controls in reducing high ozone levels. For hourly data with ozone >0.08 ppm, distributions of extent parameters resulting from the modified SPM show the effectiveness of VOC controls at more monitoring sites than those from Johnson's SPM; however, relative features between the two versions are similar. On the other hand, for hourly data with ozone >0.12 ppm, the two SPM versions show very similar relative effectiveness of VOC and NO X controls with chosen values of model parameters. To improve the credibility of SPM, the range of validity of relationships between maximum smog produced or maximum ozone and NO X concentrations must be determined, and the parameters in these relationships must be better determined for typical VOC mixtures. Another essential parameter, which determines the fractional loss of NO y (NO and its oxidation products) from the gas phase must be better determined.

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Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Ozone-Precursor Relationships Based on a Smog Production Model and Ambient Data

Chang

Suzio

1995

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…Two reasons for the varying observed responses of ozone to changes in precursor emissions are the complex, nonlinear 292 chemistry of ozone formation, which is critically dependent upon the local VOC to NO x ratio in the atmosphere (National Research Council, 1991;Heuss et al, 2003;Wolff and Korsog, 1992), and the fact that a large portion of the observed local ozone concentration is due to ozone transported from upwind areas. At low VOC/NO x conditions (<10 ppb C to ppb NO x ), VOC is generally the limiting reactant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The vanishing ozone weekday/weekend effect

Wolff

Kahlbaum

Heuss

2013

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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A national analysis of weekday/weekend ozone (O 3 ) differences conducted using 1997-1999 data found that many urban areas experienced at least 5% higher 8-hr maximum O 3 concentrations on weekends than on weekdays even though emissions of precursors were significantly lower on weekends. This phenomenon was observed mostly in urban areas in the Northeast, Midwest, and coastal California. A similar analysis using 2008-2010 O 3 data shows that this phenomenon has mostly vanished. From 1997From -1999From to 2008From -2010, the percentage of U.S. monitoring sites that experienced 95th percentile daily 8-hr maximum average O 3 concentration on weekends that were 5% or more higher than on weekdays declined from about 35% to less than 5%. At the same time the percentage of sites that experienced higher weekday concentrations increased from 3% to about 27%. The majority (68%) of the sites, however, exhibited little sensitivity to the weekday/weekend emission changes as they had similar (AE5%) O 3 on weekdays and weekends. Similar trends were observed for the three other O 3 metrics examined: the 95th percentile of the 1-hr maximum and the April-September means of the 1-hr and 8-hr daily maxima. Over this time period, U.S. emissions of O 3 precursors declined significantly. However, a greater decline in nitrogen oxides (NO x ) emissions has caused an increase in the volatile organic compounds (VOC)/NO x emission ratios and it appears that this is the reason for the shift away from higher weekend O 3 concentrations.Implications: In areas where weekend emissions of ozone precursors are lower than on weekdays because of mainly lower motor vehicle emissions, an inadvertent test of ozone control strategies occurs. Such a test provides information on how control strategies that produce emission changes similar to those that occur on weekends affect ozone concentrations. In the late 1990s, lower NO x emissions on weekends resulted in higher levels of ozone in many urban areas. Emission controls that have been enacted since then appear to have eliminated that phenomenon in most urban areas. However, most areas now indicate that weekend emission reductions now have little effect on ozone concentrations at most sites.

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“…This result is consistent with the literature and can be related to the higher cetane number of the biodiesel providing the combustion at higher temperatures. Furthermore, the presence of oxygen in the molecule of biodiesel can also increase the rate of NO x formation [49][50][51][52].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of gaseous pollutants emitted from powered engine by biodiesel and diesel mixtures

Rocha¹,

Castro²,

Sthel³

et al. 2014

REPQJ

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Abstract.Nowadays air pollution has been regarded as a serious environmental problem. One of the main generators of air pollution is the transportation, since the gas combustion from various chemical species is emitted mainly in urban transportation, using mainly diesel fuel. The use of renewable fuels is an attractive alternative choice to reduce environmental impacts. Brazil stands out in the current world scene as a major of alternative energy producer. Brazilian government introduced a program that includes blends of biodiesel to diesel in order to reduce the environmental impact caused by air pollution. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the emission of gaseous pollutants using a diesel engine bench with mixtures of B5, B10, B15, B20, B25 and B50 of biodiesel in diesel. For this type of analysis, the Infrared Analyser was used to detect CO 2 in the range of 1.88 to 2.76 %, electrochemical sensors were used to detect CO in the range of 1161 to 1485 ppmv and NOx in the range of 213 to 351 ppmv.

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Ozone Control Strategies Based on the Ratio of Volatile Organic Compounds to Nitrogen Oxides

Cited by 38 publications

References 9 publications

Assessing Ozone-Precursor Relationships Based on a Smog Production Model and Ambient Data

Assessing Ozone-Precursor Relationships Based on a Smog Production Model and Ambient Data

The vanishing ozone weekday/weekend effect

Detection of gaseous pollutants emitted from powered engine by biodiesel and diesel mixtures

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