Assessing Ozone-Precursor Relationships Based on a Smog Production Model and Ambient Data

Chang, Tai Yup; Suzio, M.J.

doi:10.1080/10473289.1995.10467336

Cited by 37 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…For example, uncertainties in boundary conditions [16] and in meteorological parameters such as wind fields and mixing heights [13] cast doubt on the accuracy of VOC-NO x sensitivity predictions [4,17]. Models can also err in their prediction of sensitivity because similar ozone concentrations can be produced in either VOC-or NO x -sensitive environments [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…States signing the MOU were com-mitted to developing and adopting regulations that would reduce region-wide NO x emissions in 1999 and further reduce emissions in 2003 [21]. 4 In September 1998, in effort to mitigate the regional transport of ground-level ozone in the eastern half of the United States, the EPA finalized a rule, known as the NO x SIP call, that required 22 states and the District of Columbia to submit state implementation plans (SIPs) to reduce NO x emissions [22]. These states are: Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.…”

Section: Cap and Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The principal ingredient of smog, tropospheric ozone is the most difficult to control of the six criteria pollutants for which National Ambient Air Quality Standards have been established [4]. Among ozone's adverse effects on humans are labored breathing, impaired lung functions, increased hospital admissions and emergency room visits for respiratory causes, and possible long-term lung damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 For example, the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments require the use of 3-D Eulerian photochemical modeling for planning ozone attainments in many nonattainment areas [4,13]. Previous studies analyzing the effects of transport have relied on atmospheric chemistry models as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using Spatial Econometrics to Measure Ozone Pollution Externalities

Lin¹

2012

JEP

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This paper summarizes my previous work in Lin (2010), in which I use spatial econometrics to analyze air pollution externalities. In Lin (2010), state-by-state source-receptor transfer coefficients that can be used as a basis for a locationdifferentiated permit system are estimated. Results affirm the importance of regional transport in determining local ozone air quality, although owing to non-monotonicities in ozone production the externality is not always negative. Because the origin of emissions matters, results also reject a non-spatially differentiated NO x cap and trade program as an appropriate mechanism for reducing ozone smog.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cap and Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using Spatial Econometrics to Measure Ozone Pollution Externalities

Lin¹

2012

JEP

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“…15,17,18 The combined assessment of the PIs with the WD differences in O 3 and precursor species for a specific area can reinforce the observational confirmation necessary to support the search of evidence of whether a NO x -or VOC-based strategy should be adopted on the condition that the two approaches yield consistent findings. Although the idea of combining OBMs to find evidences of the O 3 sensitivity in polluted urban airsheds is not new, 5,15,21 we decided to investigate the feasibility of the PI approach supported by a hypothesis testing analysis of the WE/WD effect to evaluate an area of low urban O 3 polluted conditions, such as what exists for the city of Cincinnati, OH. This city is a typical U.S. median size urban area currently in compliance with the 1-hr O 3 National Ambient Air Quality Standard (0.12 ppm) but is considered borderline to meet the new 8-hr O 3 standard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Ozone-Nitrogen Oxides-Volatile Organic Compound Sensitivity of Cincinnati, Ohio

Torres‐Jardón

Keener

2006

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Ambient concentrations of ozone (O 3 ), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), total reactive nitrogen (NO y ), nitric acid (HNO 3 ), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) were measured during September 2003 at an urban site of Cincinnati, OH. The aim of this study was two-fold: to investigate whether O 3 formation in this population exposure-type site is NO x sensitive or volatile organic compound (VOC) sensitive and to test the practicality of using two combined observational-based methods to identify the sensitivity of O 3 formation in midlevel polluted locations. The evaluation of the indicator species: NO y , O 3 /NO y , O 3 /HNO 3 , H 2 O 2 / HNO 3 , and O 3 /(estimated NO x reaction products), as well as the combined hypothesis testing analysis of the weekend/weekday (WE/WD) differences of 1-hr and 8-hr average maximum O 3 and of the 6:00 a.m.-9:00 a.m. average nitric oxide and NO x concentrations, show evidence that Cincinnati is likely VOC sensitive. Average WE 1-hr and 8-hr maximum O 3 , as well as duration of WE O 3 accumulation, were not lower than the corresponding WD levels in spite of the observed significant reduction in NO x emissions on WE, a typical situation in VOC-sensitive locations. The possibility that the seasonal transition from summer to autumn could have influenced the results was also investigated through an exploratory analysis of the afternoon O 3 maximum /NO x measured and of the WE/WD differences of peak O 3 and morning average NO and NO x concentrations observed at this site from June through September 2003. The results suggest that a VOC-sensitive chemistry regime dominated along the summer season.

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Gas‐phase kinetics, POCPs, and an investigation of the contributions of VOCs to urban ozone production in the UK

Holland

Khan

Derwent³

et al. 2023

Int J of Chemical Kinetics

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Ambient concentrations of 22 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured at London Marylebone Road (LMR), an urban traffic site, and London Eltham (LE), an urban background site, were analyzed over a period of 23 years to assess the impact of pollution control strategies. A significant decrease in ambient concentration is seen for the majority of VOCs analyzed with total VOC burden decreasing by 76% and 59% for LMR and LE, respectively, across the period studied. This is likely as a result of legislative controls. This analysis was extended to consider the dominant contribution of VOCs to ozone formation at the sites utilizing photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP) values.Similarly, the overall reactivity of the VOC burden at the sites has resulted in a significant decrease of 11% and 7% per year in ozone formation potential (OFP) for LMR and LE, respectively. At LMR, the declines in OFP for VOCs associated with road traffic emissions are all in good agreement at 11%-13% decrease per year. Reasonable agreement is also seen at LE with a decrease of 6%-11% per year in OFP of the VOCs related to traffic sources. VOCs related to non-traffic sources, namely ethane and propane from natural gas leakage, did not see a significant decline over the study period at either site. The variation and composition of the overall VOC burden was compared across three decadal time periods (1997-2000, 2001-2010, 2011-2019) and saw an increase in significance of these pollutants at both sites. At LMR, ethane and propane moved from the fifth and eleventh largest contributors to total VOC burden in 1997-2000 to the first and second largest contributors in 2011-2019. At LE, a similar trend is seen with ethane and propane becoming the first and second largest contributors in the most recent time period, up from second and eighth at the beginning of the dataset. The similarity between these sites suggests such pollutants are not sufficiently controlled under current legislation. The increase in significance of ethane and propane was mirrored in their contribution to ozone generation potential at both sites but ethene continues to dominate in contribution to OFP. At LMR, etheneThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Assessing Ozone-Precursor Relationships Based on a Smog Production Model and Ambient Data

Cited by 37 publications

References 9 publications

Using Spatial Econometrics to Measure Ozone Pollution Externalities

Using Spatial Econometrics to Measure Ozone Pollution Externalities

Evaluation of Ozone-Nitrogen Oxides-Volatile Organic Compound Sensitivity of Cincinnati, Ohio

Gas‐phase kinetics, POCPs, and an investigation of the contributions of VOCs to urban ozone production in the UK

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