Evaluation of Ozone-Nitrogen Oxides-Volatile Organic Compound Sensitivity of Cincinnati, Ohio

Torres‐Jardón, Ricardo; Keener, Tim C.

doi:10.1080/10473289.2006.10464459

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In both episodes, the isopleths diagrams clearly indicate that O 3 formation in the city is in a VOC-sensitive (or NO xsaturated) regime where O 3 increases with decreasing NO x but decreases with decreasing VOC. Many studies also reported this regime over different cities (especially their central parts) (Milford et al, 1989;Sillman, 1999, and references therein; Kim Oanh and Zhang, 2004;PCD, 2001;Ran et al, 2009;Torres-Jardon and Keener, 2006). Sillman (1999) pointed to a simple rule to suggest the underlying regime of O 3 formation is to consider morning VOC/NO x ratios, <10 as VOC sensitive and >20 as NO x sensitive.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ozone and its potential control strategy for Chon Buri city, Thailand

Prabamroong

Manomaiphiboon

Limpaseni

et al. 2012

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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This work studies O 3 pollution for Chon Buri city in the eastern region of Thailand, where O 3 has become an increased and serious concern in the last decade. It includes emission estimation and photochemical box modeling in support of investigating the underlying nature of O 3 formation over the city and the roles of precursors emitted from sources. The year 2006 was considered and two single-day episodes (January 29 and February 14) were chosen for simulations. It was found that, in the city, the industrial sector is the largest emissions contributor for every O 3 precursor (i.e., NO x , non-methane volatile organic compounds or NMVOC, and CO), followed by on-road mobile group. Fugitive NMVOC is relatively large, emitted mainly from oil refineries and tank farms. Simulated results acceptably agree with observations for daily maximum O 3 level in both episodes and evidently indicate the VOCsensitive regime for O 3 formation. This regime is also substantiated by morning NMVOC/NO x ratios observed in the city. The corresponding O 3 isopleth diagrams suggest NMVOC control alone to lower elevated O 3 . In seeking a potential O 3 control strategy for the city, a combination of brute-force sensitivity tests, an experimental design, statistical modeling, and cost optimization was employed. A number of emission subgroups were found to significantly contribute to O 3 formation, based on the February 14 episode, for example, oil refinery (fugitive), tank farm (fugitive), passenger car (gasoline), and motorcycle (gasoline). But the costeffective strategy suggests control only on the first two subgroups to meet the standard. The cost of implementing the strategy was estimated and found to be small (only 0.2%) compared to the gross provincial product generated by the entire province where the city is located within. These findings could be useful as a needed guideline to support O 3 management for the city.Implications: Elevated O 3 in the urban and industrial city of Chon Buri needs better understanding of the problem and technical guidelines for its management. With a city-specific emission inventory and air quality modeling, O 3 formation was found to be VOC sensitive, and a cost-effective control strategy developed highlights fugitive emissions from the industrial sector to be controlled.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ozone and its potential control strategy for Chon Buri city, Thailand

Prabamroong

Manomaiphiboon

Limpaseni

et al. 2012

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…As a result, higher weekend ozone values are typically seen in VOC-limited areas, whereas NO x -limited areas tend to have lower ozone concentrations on weekends. However, weekend ozone increases or decreases were observed and modeled in some areas, and in other areas no WD/ WE effect was seen (Blanchard and Tanenbaum, 2006;Blanchard et al, 2008;Graedel et al, 1977;Heuss et al, 2003;Koo et al, 2011;Torres-Jardon and Keener, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effects of improved spatial and temporal modeling of on-road vehicle emissions

Lindhjem

Pollack

DenBleyker

et al. 2012

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Numerous emission and air quality modeling studies have suggested the need to accurately characterize the spatial and temporal variations in on-road vehicle emissions. The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact that using detailed traffic activity data has on emission estimates used to model air quality impacts. The on-road vehicle emissions are estimated by multiplying the vehicle miles traveled (VMT) by the fleet-average emission factors determined by road link and hour of day. Changes in the fraction of VMT from heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) can have a significant impact on estimated fleet-average emissions because the emission factors for HDDV nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and particulate matter (PM) are much higher than those for light-duty gas vehicles (LDGVs). Through detailed road link-level on-road vehicle emission modeling, this work investigated two scenarios for better characterizing mobile source emissions: (1) improved spatial and temporal variation of vehicle type fractions, and (2) use of Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES2010) instead of MOBILE6 exhaust emission factors. Emissions were estimated for the Detroit and Atlanta metropolitan areas for summer and winter episodes. The VMT mix scenario demonstrated the importance of better characterizing HDDVactivity by time of day, day of week, and road type. More HDDVactivity occurs on restricted access road types on weekdays and at nonpeak times, compared to light-duty vehicles, resulting in 5-15% higher NO x and PM emission rates during the weekdays and 15-40% lower rates on weekend days. Use of MOVES2010 exhaust emission factors resulted in increases of more than 50% in NO x and PM for both HDDVs and LDGVs, relative to MOBILE6. Because LDGV PM emissions have been shown to increase with lower temperatures, the most dramatic increase from MOBILE6 to MOVES2010 emission rates occurred for PM 2.5 from LDGVs that increased 500% during colder wintertime conditions found in Detroit, the northernmost city modeled.Implications: Air quality model performance relies partly on on-road mobile source emission inventories accurately allocated, both spatially and temporally. This work demonstrates the importance of characterizing the mix of heavy-duty diesel versus lightduty gasoline vehicle activity on an hourly basis on weekdays and weekends by road type. Incorporating detailed activity data increases weekday average NO x and PM emissions 5-15%, with early morning hour emission increases approaching 100%, compared to using one average vehicle activity mix. Application of the methodologies described in this paper will improve the accuracy of on-road emission inventories in the understanding of ozone photochemistry and PM formation.

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“…They used model simulations to show that an increase (decrease) in VOCs would result in an increase (decrease) in O3. Hence, we suggest that this effect combined with the reduction in O3 loss due to less titration with NO (Atkinson-Palombo et al, 2006;Torres-Jardon and Keener, 2006;Alghamdi et al, 2014) yields higher O3 concentrations at weekends within these clusters.…”

Section: Seasonal Weekly and Diurnal Profiles Of O3 Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Surface ozone climatology of South Eastern Brazil and the impact of biomass burning events

Targino

Harrison

Krecl

et al. 2019

Journal of Environmental Management

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In the austral spring, biomass fires affect a vast area of South America each year. We combined in situ ozone (O3) data, measured in the states of São Paulo and Paraná, Brazil, in the period 2014-2017, with aerosol optical depth, co-pollutants (NOx, PM2.5 and PM10) and air backtrajectories to identify sources, transport and geographical patterns in the air pollution data. We applied cluster analysis to hourly O3 data and split the investigation area of approximately 290,000 km 2 into five groups with similar features in terms of diurnal, weekly, monthly and seasonal O3 concentrations. All groups presented a peak in September and October, associated with the fire activities and enhanced photochemistry. The highest mean O3 concentrations were measured inland whilst, besides having lower concentrations, the coastal group was also associated with the smallest diurnal and seasonal variations. The latter was attributed to lower photochemical activity due to frequently occurring overcast weather situation. The mean annual regional contribution of O3 over the area was 61 g/m 3 , with large seasonal and intersite variabilities (from 35 to 84 g/m 3). The long-range transport of smoke contributed with between 23 and 41% of the total O3 during the pollution events. A pollution outbreak in September 2015 caused many-fold increases in O3, PM2.5 and PM10 across the investigation area, which exceeded the World Health Organisation recommendations. We show that the regional transport of particulates and gas due to biomass burning overlays the local emissions in already highly polluted cities. Such an effect can outweigh local measures to curb anthropogenic air pollution in cities.

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Evaluation of Ozone-Nitrogen Oxides-Volatile Organic Compound Sensitivity of Cincinnati, Ohio

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

Ozone and its potential control strategy for Chon Buri city, Thailand

Ozone and its potential control strategy for Chon Buri city, Thailand

Effects of improved spatial and temporal modeling of on-road vehicle emissions

Surface ozone climatology of South Eastern Brazil and the impact of biomass burning events

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