Ozone Affects Birch (Betula pendula Roth) Phenylpropanoid, Polyamine and Active Oxygen Detoxifying Pathways at Biochemical and Gene Expression Level

Tuomainen, Jaana; Pellinen, Riikka; Roy, Subhrajit; Kiiskinen, M.; Eloranta, Terho O.; Karjalainen, Reijo; Kangasjärvi, Jaakko

doi:10.1016/s0176-1617(96)80312-9

Cited by 57 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…l), which is similar to the findings in rice, in which putrescine levels are not induced by salt stress (Krishnamurthy and Bhagwat, 1989). Conversely, putrescine biosynthesis was induced by many stresses, such as ozone (Langebartels et al, 1991;Scalet et al, 1995;Tuomainen et al, 1996), wounding (Yoza et al, 1996), osmotic stress (Flores and Galston, 1984), heat shock (Roy and Ghosh, 1996), oxygen deficiency (Reggiani et al, 1990), and K+ deficiency (Watson and Malmberg, 1996) in other species. Putrescine is known to specifically interact with proteins, nucleic acids, and membranes (Young and Galston, 1983).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Constitutively Elevated Levels of Putrescine and Putrescine-Generating Enzymes Correlated with Oxidant Stress Resistance in Conyza bonariensis and Wheat

Muller

Zhang

et al. 1997

Plant Physiology

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Oxidant stress resistance in Conyza bonariensis and wheat (Triticum aestivum) has been correlated with high levels of antioxidant enzyme activities. Additionally, external oxidant stresses can increase a plant's levels of the enzymes of polyamine biosynthesis and polyamines, especially putrescine. We investigated the constitutive relationships between putrescine, putrescine-generating enzymes, and oxidant stress resistance in wheat and C. bonariensis. Putrescine was Constitutively elevated (2.5- to 5.7-fold) in 2-week-old-resistant wheat and C. bonariensis biotypes, which correlated with a 10- to 15-fold increase in paraquat oxidant resistance. Arginine and ornithine decarboxylase activities doubled, along with higher putrescine levels in resistant C. bonariensis. The variations in levels of putrescine and arginine and ornithine decarboxylase activities paralleled the constitutive variation of antioxidant enzymes, as well as oxidant resistance. Higher levels of both putrescine and antioxidant enzyme activities occurred during a peak of oxidant resistance at 10 weeks, when paraquat resistance in C. bonariensis plants is >50-fold greater than in the sensitive biotype. Application of 100 [mu]M putrescine can double oxidant-stress resistance in the resistant C. bonariensis. Putrescine may play an important role in contributing to the base level of oxidant resistance found at the nonpeak period.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Constitutively Elevated Levels of Putrescine and Putrescine-Generating Enzymes Correlated with Oxidant Stress Resistance in Conyza bonariensis and Wheat

Muller

Zhang

et al. 1997

Plant Physiology

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“…Thus, the increased PR-10 mRNA levels might also be related to the premature senescence observed in the ozone-exposed plants, especially in the sensitive clone 5. No major differences were detected in the ozone response of PR-10 between the sensitive clone 2 and 302 tolerant clone 5, in accordance with the recent shortterm ozone studies concerning expression of the genes for PR-10, PAL, CHS and ACC oxidase (Tuomainen et al, 1996 ; R. Pellinen et al, unpublished) and for the gene encoding the mitochondrial phosphate translocator (Kiiskinen et al, 1997). However, in this study, under prolonged ozone-stress treatment, reductions of PAL transcript levels were found in the first-flush leaves of the tolerant clone 2, the opposite of the reaction in the sensitive clone 5.…”

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confidence: 85%

Induction of genes for the stress proteins PR‐10 and PAL in relation to growth, visible injuries and stomatal conductance in birch (Betula pendula) clones exposed to ozone and/or drought

et al. 1998

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Well watered (WW) or drought-stressed (DS) saplings of ozone-sensitive and ozone-tolerant (less sensitive) birch (Betula pendula Roth) clones were exposed for 43 d to 0 nl l −" or 100 nl l −" ozone. Relative growth rates of leaves, stem, and roots, leaf discolouration, stomatal conductance and induction of genes encoding stress-related proteins PR-10, PAL and a LEA-group protein BP8 were determined. In general, both ozone and drought stress, singly and in combination, increased transcript levels of PR-10 in both clones. This was related to lower induction of PAL (except in older leaves of the tolerant clone), and increased proportions of visibly injured and yellowed leaves in ozone-exposed plants. The clones differed in their stomatal conductance and growth responses. In the less sensitive clone 2, ozone did not affect growth rates, but high stomatal conductance was observed in WW ozoneexposed plants. The more sensitive clone 5 showed, on the contrary, reduced growth rates and low stomatal conductance in WW ozone plants. Interestingly, clone 2 was sensitive to drought stress alone, whereas clone 5 was highly sensitive to ozone and drought stress experienced together. The results show that appearance of visible injuries (necrotic flecks) and enhanced yellowing of leaves coincided with the induction of genes for stress proteins PR-10 and PAL. The short-term growth responses, however, seemed to be separate processes. Additionally, stomatal conductance was related to leaf injuries and growth rates in a complicated manner, emphasizing the complex nature of ozone sensitivity\tolerance mechanisms in birch.Key words : Betula pendula Roth (birch), clones, ozone, drought, stress proteins. Forest trees grow in a dynamic environment and are continuously exposed to several abiotic and biotic stress factors (Lefohn, 1992). Atmospheric ozone and drought are potential stress factors for forest trees in the USA (e.g. McLaughlin & Downing, 1996) and Europe including Scandinavia (e.g. Pearson & Mansfield, 1993 ;Karlsson et al., 1995 ; * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail : Elina.Paakkonen!messi.uku.fi Pa$ a$ kko$ nen, 1996 ; Pa$ a$ kko$ nen, Holopainen & Ka$ renlampi, 1997 a). Physiological, structural, and biochemical responses of birch to ozone have recently been studied in several open-field and chamber experiments. Typical ozone responses in ozonesensitive birch clones were impaired shoot growth, accelerated leaf senescence, visible leaf injuries, ultrastructural chloroplast injuries, increased stomatal density and lower stomatal conductance (Pa$ a$ kko$ nen et al., 1993(Pa$ a$ kko$ nen et al., a,b, 1996 a ; Pa$ a$ kko$ nen, 1996). Lower net photosynthesis and decreased Rubisco and chlorophyll contents have 296 E. PaW aW kkoW nen and others also been observed during open-field fumigations . In the chamber exposures, on the other hand, increased activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and glutathione reductase, induction of PAL (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase), accumulation of free pu...

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“…It is therefore probable that ethylene mediates the induction of tissue damage by ozone only in combination with other, as yet unknown, damage-related factors. If one of the components such as ethylene in ozone-tolerant tobacco is missing (Langebartels etaL, 1991) or is inhibited (Figure 4), cell death is reduced, or will not spread from the few individual cells initially damaged as found, for example, in ozone-sensitive and -tolerant birch seedlings (Tuomainen et aL, 1996). Candidates for damage-related factors have been identified, such as elevated levels of activated oxygen species or the depletion of antioxidant compounds (Kangasj~rvi et aL, 1994;Schraudner et aL, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone induction of ethylene emission in tomato plants: regulation by differential accumulation of transcripts for the biosynthetic enzymes

et al. 1997

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SummaryStress ethylene emission is positively correlated with ozone sensitivity in various plant species, indicating that ethylene may be involved in the control of ozone damage. This study shows that ozone exposure of tomato plants for 5 h at 85 nl 1-1 and above leads to leaf injury within 24 h. 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) content and ACC synthase activity were accordingly elevated within 1-2 h. Pre-treatment of leaves with inhibitors of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase significantly inhibited the evolution of ethylene and reduced ozone-induced visible damage. Transcript levels for only one out of three SadenosyI-L-methionine (SAM) synthetase genes (SAM3), and one out of four ACC synthase genes (LE-ACS2) were induced by ozone (maximum at 2 h). Treatment with protein kinase (K-252a) and phosphatase inhibitors (calyculin A) revealed that ACC synthase activity was additionally regulated by protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. Transcripts of ACC oxidase (pTOM13 cDNA probe) displayed the fastest response of the parameters tested (maximum at 30 min), suggesting a regulatory role for ACC oxidase in ethylene formation of ozone-exposed plants. The results demonstrate a highly selective ozone response by ethylene biosynthetic genes which resembles that of plant-pathogen interactions.

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Ozone Affects Birch (Betula pendula Roth) Phenylpropanoid, Polyamine and Active Oxygen Detoxifying Pathways at Biochemical and Gene Expression Level

Cited by 57 publications

References 41 publications

Constitutively Elevated Levels of Putrescine and Putrescine-Generating Enzymes Correlated with Oxidant Stress Resistance in Conyza bonariensis and Wheat

Constitutively Elevated Levels of Putrescine and Putrescine-Generating Enzymes Correlated with Oxidant Stress Resistance in Conyza bonariensis and Wheat

Induction of genes for the stress proteins PR‐10 and PAL in relation to growth, visible injuries and stomatal conductance in birch (Betula pendula) clones exposed to ozone and/or drought

Ozone induction of ethylene emission in tomato plants: regulation by differential accumulation of transcripts for the biosynthetic enzymes

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