Constitutively Elevated Levels of Putrescine and Putrescine-Generating Enzymes Correlated with Oxidant Stress Resistance in Conyza bonariensis and Wheat

Ye, Bin; Muller, Herbert H.; Zhang, Jian; Gressel, Jonathan

doi:10.1104/pp.115.4.1443

Cited by 74 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Plants overexpressing genes encoding enzymes involved in polyamine biosynthesis accumulate higher levels of polyamines and show enhanced tolerance to various stresses [9][10][11][12][13][14]. This suggests that an increase in polyamine synthesis is effective against all types of stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speculation: Polyamines are important in abiotic stress signaling

2015

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The main role of polyamines was originally assumed to be as direct protective compounds important under stress conditions. Although in some cases a correlation was found between the endogenous polyamine content and stress tolerance, this relationship cannot be generalized. Polyamines should no longer be considered simply as protective molecules, but rather as compounds that are involved in a complex signaling system and have a key role in the regulation of stress tolerance. The major links in polyamine signaling may be H 2 O 2 and NO, which are not only produced in the course of the polyamine metabolism, but also transmit signals that influence gene expression via an increase in the cytoplasmic Ca 2+ level.Polyamines can also influence Ca 2+ influx independently of the H 2 O 2 -and/or NO-mediated pathways. Furthermore, these pathways may converge. In addition, several protein kinases have been shown to be influenced at the transcriptional or post-translational level by polyamines. Individual polyamines can be converted into each other in the polyamine cycle.In addition, their metabolism is linked with other hormones or signaling molecules. However, as individual polyamines trigger different transcriptional responses, other mechanisms and the existence of polyamine-responsive elements and the corresponding transacting protein factors are also involved in polyamine-related signaling pathways. Highlights:-Polyamines are interconvertible in the polyamine cycle -The statement "the higher the polyamine level the better" cannot be generalized -In stress responses the ratio of signaling to direct protection is more important -Polyamines are also involved in hormonal cross-talk -H 2 O 2 and NO are the major but not the only links in polyamine stress signaling

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speculation: Polyamines are important in abiotic stress signaling

2015

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“…Free polyamines were extracted from 100 mg of mature dry seeds of the wild-type and SSE genotypes according to Ye et al (1997). TLC separation was performed on Kieselgel-60 plates (Merck), and photomicrographs were taken with transmitted UV light.…”

Section: Polyamine Extraction and Analysis Using Tlcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed-Specific Expression of a Feedback-Insensitive Form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE in Arabidopsis Stimulates Metabolic and Transcriptomic Responses Associated with Desiccation Stress

et al. 2014

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and Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 11016, Israel (R.A.) With an aim to elucidate novel metabolic and transcriptional interactions associated with methionine (Met) metabolism in seeds, we have produced transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds expressing a feedback-insensitive form of CYSTATHIONINEg-SYNTHASE, a key enzyme of Met synthesis. Metabolic profiling of these seeds revealed that, in addition to higher levels of Met, the levels of many other amino acids were elevated. The most pronounced changes were the higher levels of stress-related amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and proline), sugars, intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and polyamines and lower levels of polyols, cysteine, and glutathione. These changes reflect stress responses and an altered mitochondrial energy metabolism. The transgenic seeds also had higher contents of total proteins and starch but lower water contents. In accordance with the metabolic profiles, microarray analysis identified a strong induction of genes involved in defense mechanisms against osmotic and drought conditions, including those mediated by the signaling cascades of ethylene and abscisic acid. These changes imply that stronger desiccation processes occur during seed development. The expression levels of transcripts controlling the levels of Met, sugars, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites were also significantly elevated. Germination assays showed that the transgenic seeds had higher germination rates under salt and osmotic stresses and in the presence of ethylene substrate and abscisic acid. However, under oxidative conditions, the transgenic seeds displayed much lower germination rates. Altogether, the data provide new insights on the factors regulating Met metabolism in Arabidopsis seeds and on the mechanisms by which elevated Met levels affect seed composition and behavior.

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“…Polyamines have also been suggested to function as free radical scavengers (Drolet et al, 1986;Ye et al, 1997). Their ability to decrease lipid peroxidation, under stress conditions has been attributed to their supposed ability to stabilize membranes by association with negatively charged phospholipids (Besford et al, 1973).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nitric oxide and putrescine on antioxidative responses under NaCl stress in chickpea plants

Sheokand

Kumari

Sawhney

2008

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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Chickpea plants were subjected to salt stress for 48 h with 100 mM NaCl, after 50 days of growth. Other batches of plants were simultaneously treated with 0.2 mM sodium nitroprusside (NO donor) or 0.5 mM putrescine (polyamine) to examine their antioxidant effects. Sodium chloride stress adversely affected the relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation in leaves. Sodium nitroprusside and putrescine could completely ameliorate the toxic effects of salt stress on electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation and partially on RWC. No significant decline in chlorophyll content under salt stress as well as with other treatments was observed. Sodium chloride stress activated the antioxidant defense system by increasing the activities of peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT) superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). However no significant effect was observed on glutathione reductase (GR) and dehydro ascorbate reductase (DHAR) activities. Both putrescine and NO had a positive effect on antioxidant enzymes under salt stress. Putrescine was more effective in scavenging superoxide radical as it increased the SOD activity under salt stress whereas nitric oxide was effective in hydrolyzing H 2 O 2 by increasing the activities of CAT, POX and APX under salt stress.

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Constitutively Elevated Levels of Putrescine and Putrescine-Generating Enzymes Correlated with Oxidant Stress Resistance in Conyza bonariensis and Wheat

Cited by 74 publications

References 38 publications

Speculation: Polyamines are important in abiotic stress signaling

Speculation: Polyamines are important in abiotic stress signaling

Seed-Specific Expression of a Feedback-Insensitive Form of CYSTATHIONINE-γ-SYNTHASE in Arabidopsis Stimulates Metabolic and Transcriptomic Responses Associated with Desiccation Stress

Effect of nitric oxide and putrescine on antioxidative responses under NaCl stress in chickpea plants

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