Ozonation using microbubbles formed by electric fields

Electrochemistry and green chemical processes: electrochemical ozone production

“…However, a more recent study 60 reports a value of 5 Wh g -1 for air. Literature data 61 show the use of corona technology in reactor systems for ozonation of organics in water can be optimised by: (i) reducing the amount of energy input and (ii) increasing the mass transfer rate of ozone gas into the aqueous phase. While the former depends on geometry of the corona, the latter depends on the mixing characteristics of the gas-liquid contactor used, the kinetics of ozone decay in water, and the number and size of bubbles produced.…”

“…While the former depends on geometry of the corona, the latter depends on the mixing characteristics of the gas-liquid contactor used, the kinetics of ozone decay in water, and the number and size of bubbles produced. Optimisation of these parameters for different ozonation systems has been reported in the last ten years [60][61][62][63][64] . Suarasan et al 60 presented an AC corona ozonation system using multi-point high-voltage electrodes as a means for direct ozonation of liquids.…”

“…Suarasan et al 60 presented an AC corona ozonation system using multi-point high-voltage electrodes as a means for direct ozonation of liquids. Shin et al 61 proposed an ozonation system which produces micro-bubbles having an average bubble diameter of 1.34-5.0x10 -2 mm. An increase of up to 40% in mass transfer rate was observed by these authors.…”

“…Hybrid ozonation systems based on the combination of corona discharge technology combined with the simultaneous exposure of wastewater to UV-radiation has been developed for a variety of purposes, for instance, the destruction of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) 70 and phenol 61 .…”

“…For physical, technical or economical reasons, in practice, ozonation processes are stopped long before total mineralization. The rate expression for the removal of any organic pollutant is given by 61,101 :…”