Ozonation degradation of microcystin-LR in aqueous solution: Intermediates, byproducts and pathways

Sustainable Methods for Decontamination of Microcystin in Water Using Cold Plasma and UV with Reusable TiO2 Nanoparticle Coating

“…Plenty of research has been done on MC degradation using physical, chemical, and biological methods, such as UV irradiation at different wavelength [14,17]; chemical oxidants [16,18], and microcystin-degrading bacteria [19]. However, most previous research focused on a single variant or artificial mixture of MCs, which could have different degradation dynamics and toxicity from natural MC mixture [20].…”

Mn/Ti-doped carbon xerogel for efficient catalysis of microcystin-LR degradation in the water surface discharge plasma reactor

“…It shows that the key step in the pathway was based on the OH radical attack. The Adda chain from the MC-LR cyclic peptide could be cleaved, and the generated intermediate was nontoxic which could be easily degraded in the biological treatment (Song et al 2005 In this work, some smaller molecule at low m/z were detected in comparison to those by other advanced oxidation technology such as ozone (Chang et al 2014), electrochemical oxidation (Liao et al 2014), photocatalysis (Su et al 2013), and ultrasonic (Song et al 2006). It implied that higher degradation degree of intermediates into smaller by-products was …”

Fast removal of the antibiotic flumequine from aqueous solution by ozonation: Influencing factors, reaction pathways, and toxicity evaluation

“…As shown in Fig. 3, the relative yields of these products were indicated by relative peak intensity (area), which has also been adopted in several previous studies (Kuang et al, 2013;Chang et al, 2014). The results indicated that P1 first reached the maximum concentrations at 20 s, followed by P2 and P7, which probably showed the bond cleavage and product formation.…”

“…Ozone in particular is a strong oxidizing agent and has been widely used in water treatment for disinfection, increasing biodegradability and efficient removal of a variety of residual pharmaceuticals, such as antibiotics (Gómez-Ramos et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2012;Carbajo et al, 2015;Tay and Madehi, 2015). Ozone can react with organic pollutants through direct reaction (known as ozonolysis) and/or indirect reactions with OH•, which are produced by O 3 decomposition (Mawhinney et al, 2012;Chang et al, 2014). During aqueous ozonation, OH• reacts non-selectively with most of the organic compounds, whereas O 3 , being electrophilic, reacts selectively with the electron-rich reaction sites of organic compounds, such as unsaturated double bonds and aromatic rings (Miao et al, 2015).…”