Ozonated Graphene Oxide Film as a Proton‐Exchange Membrane

Gao, Wei; Wu, Gang; Janicke, Michael T.; Cullen, David A.; Mukundan, Rangachary; Baldwin, J. Kevin; Brosha, Eric L.; Galande, Charudatta; Ajayan, Pulickel M.; More, Karren L.; Dattelbaum, Andrew M.; Zelenay, Piotr

doi:10.1002/anie.201310908

Cited by 224 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…[12,16] Owing to the wide range of oxygen functional groups on its basal planes and edges, GO is also readily exfoliated to yield well-dispersed solution of individual GO sheets in both water and organic solvents, and then flow-directed assembled into a free-standing paper-like material by vacuum filtration. [12,17] However, despite all the progress of the development of a free-standing GO electrolyte membrane, its advantages are diminished with the difficulty to form a mechanically robust membrane.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laminated Cross‐Linked Nanocellulose/Graphene Oxide Electrolyte for Flexible Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries

Zhang

Song

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

169

128

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electronic insulator with abundant oxygen-containing groups (epoxy, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups), which can be easily functionalized to improve its ionic conductivity. [12,16] Owing to the wide range of oxygen functional groups on its basal planes and edges, GO is also readily exfoliated to yield well-dispersed solution of individual GO sheets in both water and organic solvents, and then flow-directed assembled into a free-standing paper-like material by vacuum filtration. [12,17] However, despite all the progress of the development of a free-standing GO electrolyte membrane, its advantages are diminished with the difficulty to form a mechanically robust membrane. [17,18] Consequently, that makes the free-standing GO membranes less attractive for being used as practical solid-state electrolytes in energy storage systems. To enhance the mechanical strength, several fillers can be incorporated into GO matrix. Among the multifarious materials, cellulose-the most abundant renewable material-is recognized as a good binder and surface modifier thanks to its low cost, high hygroscopicity, flexibility, ad porous substrate that allows strong binding of other materials. Particularly, considerable interest has been directed to nanocellulose fiber because of its low thermal expansion, high surface area, high surface area-to-volume ratio, strengthening effect, good mechanical and optical properties which may find many applications in nanocomposites. [19] Meanwhile, due to its highly reactive area rich in hydroxyl groups, cellulose can be easily refashioned through a surface-functionalization to conduct ions and be utilized in advanced batteries. [7] Herein, for the first time, we report on a laminate-structured nanocellulose/GO membrane functionalized with highly hydroxide-conductive quaternary ammonium (QA) groups to be applied as a robust solid-state electrolyte in flexible, rechargeable zinc-air batteries. The QA-functionalized nanocellulose/GO (QAFCGO) membrane is fabricated through chemical functionalization, layer-by-layer filtration, cross-linking, and ion-exchange processes (Figure 1a). For the functionalization process, dimethyloctadecyl [3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyl] ammonium chloride (DMAOP) has been selected as the functional precursor containing QA moieties. The hydroxide conductivity and the alkaline stability in the highly surface-active DMAOP are provided by quaternary ammonium groups which are already attached to this organic compound. Thus, the hydroxide conducting characteristic of the electrolyte membrane can be achieved directly through the precursor DMAOP without complex organic synthesis. First, the trimethoxy groups of trimethoxysilyl are hydrolyzed to form the corresponding silanols, and the hydrolyzed silanols undergo self-condensation to yield silanol oligomers intermediates ( Figure S1, step 1, Supporting Information). Then, these intermediates are adsorbed onto nanocellulose/GO surface rich in oxygen-containing groups through hydrogen bonding ( Figure S1,

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laminated Cross‐Linked Nanocellulose/Graphene Oxide Electrolyte for Flexible Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries

Zhang

Song

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

169

128

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“…High-resolution TEM or STEM imaging can greatly help us understand the atomic structure and electronic properties of GO, although discrepancies have been observed among different reports. For example, stable images of GO were collected and shown under 80 kV electron beams [ 48 ], whereas in some cases only a maximum of 60 kV can be used for GO imaging [ 71 ]. In our experiments, we noticed GO is not stable under high-voltage beam (>60 eV).…”

Section: Transmission Electron Microscopy (Tem) and Scanning Transmismentioning

confidence: 69%

“…This work gave helpful insights on how GO researchers should store and preserve their GO samples to maintain the maximum level of oxidation. Another interesting protocol to overcome this degradation is by ozone treatment [ 71 ]. Gao et al reported the increased level of oxidation on degraded GO with bubbling of fresh O 3 into the GO dispersion in deionized (DI) water.…”

Section: Structure Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Structure, and Characterizations

Gao

2015

Graphene Oxide

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This chapter introduces a peculiar organic macromolecule previously named as graphitic acid, graphite oxide (GO), or more recently, graphene oxide (GO). It is basically a wrinkled two-dimensional carbon sheet with various oxygenated functional groups on its basal planes and peripheries, with the thickness around 1 nm and lateral dimensions varying between a few nanometers to several microns. It was fi rst prepared by the British chemist B. C. Brodie in 1859 and became very popular in the scientifi c community during the last decade, simply because it was believed to be an important precursor to graphene (a single atomic layer of graphite, the discovery of which won Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics). Several strategies have been introduced to reduce GO back to graphene; however, in this chapter we will mainly focus on GO itself and, more relevantly, its synthesis, chemical structure, and general characterizations. We emphasize here that, despite its strong relevance to graphene, GO also has its own scientifi c signifi cance as a basic form of oxidized carbon and technological importance as a platform for all kinds of derivatives and composites that have already demonstrated various interesting applications.

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“…4.16) [62]. It is important to note that in this work, the authors also discovered the proton-conducting behavior of hydrated GO films, which was later explored as a proton-exchange membrane in polymer electrolyte fuel cells [68].…”

Section: Go/rgos In Supercapacitorsmentioning

confidence: 75%

GO/rGO as Advanced Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion

Gao

2015

Graphene Oxide

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Recently, GO/rGO has become promising platforms for advanced materials in energy related technologies. Extensive applications of rGO have been explored in a variety of electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies (e.g., fuel cells, metal-air batteries, supercapacitors, and water splitting devices). In particular, GO/rGO was studied as efficient components in catalysts in fuel cells and metal-air batteries for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), one pair of the most important electrochemical reactions. The promising applications are primarily due to their unique physical and chemical properties, such as high surface area, access to large quantities, tunable electronic/ionic conductivity, unique graphitic basal plane structure, and the easiness of modification or functionalization. Chemical doping with heteroatoms (e.g., N, B, P, or S) into graphitic domains can tune the electronic properties, provide more active sites, and enhance the interaction between carbon structures and oxygen molecules. Meanwhile, GO/ rGO has demonstrated excellent performances in electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs, also known as supercapacitors or ultracapacitors) with excellent volumetric and gravimetric capacitance densities as well as feasibility in design and fabrications. Additionally, rGO holds great promise to be high-performance anode materials in lithium-ion batteries due to its favorable interactions with Li. In this chapter, we will discuss the uses of GO/rGO derivatives in these energy conversion and storage technologies, providing insights and guidance for further optimization and design of multifunctional materials for energy applications.

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Ozonated Graphene Oxide Film as a Proton‐Exchange Membrane

Cited by 224 publications

References 25 publications

Laminated Cross‐Linked Nanocellulose/Graphene Oxide Electrolyte for Flexible Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries

Laminated Cross‐Linked Nanocellulose/Graphene Oxide Electrolyte for Flexible Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries

Synthesis, Structure, and Characterizations

GO/rGO as Advanced Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion

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