Oxytocin as a Neurohypophysial Hormone in the Holocephalian Elasmobranch Fish, Hydrolagus Collei

Pickering, B. T.; Heller, H.

doi:10.1677/joe.0.0450597

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Evolution would then be seen as a dynamic process rather than an orderly, linear progression (Acher et al 1969). In this context it is not surprising that evolutionary schemes become more complex as more is learnt about the phylogenetic distribution of the octapeptide hormones (see Pickering & Heller, 1969).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, various attempts have been made to trace the evolution of structure of the neurohypophysial hormones (Munsick, 1966;Sawyer, 1966;Geshwind, 1967;Heller & Spickett, 1967;Vliegenthart & Versteeg, 1967; Pickering & Heller, 1969;Acher, Chauvet & Chauvet, 1969, in the same way as deductions have been made concerning the evolution of larger polypeptides, for example, the globins and the cytochromes (see Dayhoff & Eck, 1968). Granted the * Present address: Department of Zoology, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH 9 3JT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Variation in the Neurohypophysial Hormones of the Mouse, Mus Musculus

Stewart¹

1971

Journal of Endocrinology

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The possibility of genetic variation in the amino acid composition of neurohypophysial hormones of the mouse was investigated. Acetic acid extracts from acetone-dried neurohypophyses from six strains of mice were subjected to thin-layer chromatography. Extracts from two strains were tested for natriferic potency on a toad bladder preparation. Extracts from three strains of mice were purified on a carboxymethylcellulose column, and the amino acid composition determined by paper electrophoresis at pH2.All six strains of mice were found to elaborate an oxytocic principle with the chromatographic properties of oxytocin. All results were compatible with the view that five of the strains elaborate the usual mammalian vasopressin, [8-arginine]-vasopressin. However, chromatography, natriferic assays and analyses of amino acid composition indicated that the Peru strain of mice elaborated [8-lysine]-vasopressin. These mice would be the first mammals outside the Suina which possess this hormone, and the difference between the strains of mice is almost certainly genetic in origin. The significance of genetic variation within a species in the structure of a hormone is discussed in terms of its physiological and evolutionary consequences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Variation in the Neurohypophysial Hormones of the Mouse, Mus Musculus

Stewart¹

1971

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…one involved with osmoregulation and the other with reproduction. It would seem preferable at present to desist from devising rigid evolutionary schemes, until more is known about both the evolutionary emergence of the 'neutral' peptides (see Sawyer, Freer & Tseng, 1967;Roy, 1969 andPickering &Heller, 1969 for evidence that oxytocin might occur in the 'primitive' elasmobranch fish Hydrolagus) and about the unknown function of oxytocin in birds and mesotocin in reptiles and amphibians.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Neurohypophysial Hormones on the Amphibian Oviduct in Vitro, With Some Remarks on the Histology of This Organ

Heller¹,

Ferreri²,

Leathers³

1970

Journal of Endocrinology

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The effect of neurohypophysial hormones has been tested in vitro on oviducts of four species of urodele and three species of anuran Amphibia. Contractile responses were obtained with all the hormones used but 8-arginine oxytocin (vasotocin) was usually most potent. The sensitivity of the oviducts varied widely from species to species; there were also pronounced seasonal differences within a species. Histological investigations yielded some information on the abundance and arrangement of muscle fibres in amphibian oviducts. A simple and sensitive (magnification up to \ m=x\ 1000) recording system for isotonic contractions is described.

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“…( 3 ) Schemes for the evolution of the neurohypophysial hormones Several authors have proposed routes by which the neurohypophysial hormones may have evolved (Acher, 1969;Pickering & Heller, 1969;Sawyer, 1965Sawyer, ,1968Vliegenthart & Versteeg, 1965. These ideas have been summarized by Geschwind (1969) and are illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: (I) the Structure And Function Of Oxytocin And Vasopressinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T h e schemes illustrated in Fig. z show the evolution of peptide molecules, by duplication and amino-acid substitution, Amino-acid substitutions are of course the result of substitutions in the bases of the corresponding codons, and the evolution of the neurohypophysial hormones at this more fundamental level has been considered (Vliegenthart & Versteeg, 1967;Pickering & Heller, 1969). Fig.…”

Section: (I) the Structure And Function Of Oxytocin And Vasopressinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Evolution of Pituitary Hormones

Wallis

1975

Biological Reviews

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Summary 1. The pituitary hormones can be divided into 4 families; within each the members are structurally related and have probably evolved from a common ancestor by a process of gene duplication and divergence. 2. Recent structural studies have revealed much about the evolution of proteins. The roles of point mutation, gene duplication and partial gene duplication in molecular evolution have been highlighted, and the nature of the evolutionary forces involved has been extensively debated. The information available about the evolution of proteins in general provides a background for consideration of pituitary hormone evolution. 3. The structure and function of the mammalian neurohypophysial hormones (oxytocin and vasopressin) has been studied in detail. Related (structurally similar) peptides have been found in the neurohypophyses of lower vertebrates and have been Characterized in many instances. Several schemes have been proposed for the evolution of these hormones. 4. The vasopressins of the pig and its relatives show a genetic polymorphism. The roles of neurohypophysial hormones in lower vertebrates are very varied and not fully understood. 5. The ACTHs and MSHs are members of a second family of pituitary hormones. They are polypeptides of moderate size. Studies on amino‐acid sequences have been carried out for ACTHs and MSHs from several mammals. α‐MSH is identical in all cases studied in detail, but β‐MSH and ACTH vary to some extent. There is considerable sequence homology between the hormones in this family ‐ indicating a common phylogenetic origin and several gene duplications. 6. Dogfish MSH is the only non‐mammalian hormone of the ACTH‐MSH family to have been studied in detail. Two MSHs have been isolated from this species; both resemble the a‐MSH of mammals in amino‐acid sequence. ACTH‐like and MSH‐like hormones exist in many other vertebrate groups, but have not been characterized fully. 7. Structure‐function relationships have been widely studied in the ACTH‐MSH family, and have some interesting evolutionary implications. Polymorphism of P‐MSHs is found in some mammals. 8. A third family of protein hormones includes pituitary prolactin and growth hormone, and placental lactogen. These are proteins of moderate size which have been shown to be widely distributed among the vertebrates. Species specificity can be recognized with regard to biological, immunological and structural properties. 9. Amino‐acid sequences have been determined for growth hormones and prolactins from several mammals. There is sequence homology between growth hormone and prolactin. Human placental lactogen closely resembles human growth hormone. A phylogenetic tree has been constructed for this protein family. Rates of evolution within the group are rather variable. 10. The fourth family of pituitary hormones (FSH, LH, TSH and some related placental hormones) are all glycoproteins and have a subunit structure. Extensive sequence studies have been carried out on the hormones from some mammals, and show that there is considerable h...

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Oxytocin as a Neurohypophysial Hormone in the Holocephalian Elasmobranch Fish, Hydrolagus Collei

Cited by 21 publications

References 12 publications

Genetic Variation in the Neurohypophysial Hormones of the Mouse, Mus Musculus

Genetic Variation in the Neurohypophysial Hormones of the Mouse, Mus Musculus

The Effect of Neurohypophysial Hormones on the Amphibian Oviduct in Vitro, With Some Remarks on the Histology of This Organ

The Molecular Evolution of Pituitary Hormones

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