Oxygenation of Biochar for Enhanced Cation Exchange Capacity

Lee, James W.; Buchanan, A. C.; Evans, Barbara R.; Kidder, Michelle K.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3348-4_4

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…An early paper by Xue et al (2012) found that H 2 O 2 treatment of hydrochar enhanced heavy metal sorption associated with O-containing functional groups; similar results have been obtained in other studies focused on toxic metals sorption by biochars (Zuo et al 2016;Wang and Liu 2018;Xia et al 2019). Beyond increases in surface oxidation, H 2 O 2 treatment can reduce biochar pH and increase specific surface area and CEC (Lee et al 2013;Huff and Lee 2016;Huff et al 2018), though decreases in CEC have also been reported in some cases (Vaughn et al 2017), as have reductions in BET surface area (Vaughn et al 2017). H 2 O 2 treatment also generally removes inorganic mineral components from the biochar matrix (Sizmur et al 2017), which is unlikely to be beneficial to plant growth.…”

Section: Activation Treatmentssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is the oxidizing agent that has been most commonly applied to biochar post-processing for soil applications (Lee et al 2013;Huff and Lee 2016;Mia et al 2018Mia et al , 2019Paymenah et al 2018). An early paper by Xue et al (2012) found that H 2 O 2 treatment of hydrochar enhanced heavy metal sorption associated with O-containing functional groups; similar results have been obtained in other studies focused on toxic metals sorption by biochars (Zuo et al 2016;Wang and Liu 2018;Xia et al 2019).…”

Section: Activation Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-processing of biochars to enhance plant growth responses: a review and meta-analysis

Thomas

2021

Biochar

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A number of processes for post-production treatment of “raw” biochars, including leaching, aeration, grinding or sieving to reduce particle size, and chemical or steam activation, have been suggested as means to enhance biochar effectiveness in agriculture, forestry, and environmental restoration. Here, I review studies on post-production processing methods and their effects on biochar physio-chemical properties and present a meta-analysis of plant growth and yield responses to post-processed vs. “raw” biochars. Data from 23 studies provide a total of 112 comparisons of responses to processed vs. unprocessed biochars, and 103 comparisons allowing assessment of effects relative to biochar particle size; additional 8 published studies involving 32 comparisons provide data on effects of biochar leachates. Overall, post-processed biochars resulted in significantly increased average plant growth responses 14% above those observed with unprocessed biochar. This overall effect was driven by plant growth responses to reduced biochar particle size, and heating/aeration treatments. The assessment of biochar effects by particle size indicates a peak at a particle size of 0.5–1.0 mm. Biochar leachate treatments showed very high heterogeneity among studies and no average growth benefit. I conclude that physiochemical post-processing of biochar offers substantial additional agronomic benefits compared to the use of unprocessed biochar. Further research on post-production treatments effects will be important for biochar utilization to maximize benefits to carbon sequestration and system productivity in agriculture, forestry, and environmental restoration.

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Section: Activation Treatmentssupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Activation Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-processing of biochars to enhance plant growth responses: a review and meta-analysis

Thomas

2021

Biochar

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“…The main objective of this study was to assess the possible effect of BWES on aquatic microorganisms including both prokaryotic and eukaryotic algae by monitoring their growth via absorbance measurements at the algal chlorophyll peak wavelength. The findings reported here may have practical implications in developing better biochar materials with higher cation change capacity and free of any undesirable substances for soil applications toward energy, agricultural, and environmental sustainability …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Potential Impact of Biochar Water-Extractable Substances on Environmental Sustainability

Smith

Buzan

Lee

2012

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Application of biochar as a soil amendment could be a significant approach for carbon sequestration to possibly control climate change for energy and environmental sustainability. However, more studies are needed in a number of research areas, including the development of clean biochar materials free of any harmful substances, before this approach could be implemented at a global scale. In this study, biochar water-extractable substances were tested for their potential harmful effects on the growth of aquatic photosynthetic microorganisms including both blue−green alga (cyanobacteria Synechococcus) and eukaryotic green alga (Desmodesmus) that represent the primary photosynthetic producers of the aquatic environment. The water extracts from three different biomass-derived biochar materials varied widely in their dissolved organic and inorganic contents, as well as in their characteristics including their pH values. Bioassays with pinewood-derived biochar water extract showed a significant inhibitory effect on aquatic photosynthetic microorganism growth in a dose-dependent manner, while chicken litter and peanut shell-derived biochar water extracts showed no signs of growth inhibition. The pinewood-derived biochar water-extracted substances were further separated into three fractions based on their molecular sizes and electric charges through an electrodialysis separation process using a cellulose− acetate membrane with a 500-delta cutoff pore size. Our analysis showed that the active component of pinewood-derived biochar water-extracted substances that are toxic to both blue−green alga (cyanobacteria Synechococcus) and eukaryotic green alga (Desmodesmus) is likely a 500-delta (or smaller) organic chemical species that carries at least one carboxyl group. This finding is important to engineering a high-tech biochar that can be free of any undesirable substances for its soil applications toward agricultural and environmental sustainability.

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“…When increasing the temperature, the C/O ratio increases and more aromatic compounds are formed. In this case, adsorption occurs mainly by electrostatic (cation−π) interaction and it is known as physisorption. − …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Batch and Continuous Systems for Zn, Cu, and Pb Metal Ions Adsorption on Spent Mushroom Compost Biochar

Abdallah

Ahmad

Walker

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Spent mushroom compost biochar (SMCB) was prepared by carbonization and tested for the removal of heavy metals (Zn(II), Cu(II), and Pb(II)) by adsorption. The sorption of heavy metals was evaluated by studying several factors, such as the initial solution pH, contact time, temperature, and individual and competitive adsorption. Kinetic and equilibrium studies were carried out to determine the mechanism involved during adsorption. The Weber−Morris model demonstrated the significance of intraparticle diffusion on the adsorption process. In addition, thermodynamic studies showed that the process is endothermic and favorable, with good affinity of metals to the biochar. At last, SMCB was used as the adsorbent in a continuous fixed-bed column. The breakthrough curve was obtained for each heavy metal, and Thomas and Clark models were fitted. When all three metals coexisted in solution, competitive adsorption took place in both batch and continuous systems, showing that Pb has higher affinity to SMCB than Cu and Zn.

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Oxygenation of Biochar for Enhanced Cation Exchange Capacity

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Post-processing of biochars to enhance plant growth responses: a review and meta-analysis

Post-processing of biochars to enhance plant growth responses: a review and meta-analysis

Potential Impact of Biochar Water-Extractable Substances on Environmental Sustainability

Batch and Continuous Systems for Zn, Cu, and Pb Metal Ions Adsorption on Spent Mushroom Compost Biochar

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