Oxygen Transport In Kenyan Runners

Prommer, Nicole; Thoma, Stefanie; Quecke, Lennart; Gutekunst, Thomas; Voelzke, Christian; Wachsmuth, Nadine; Nieß, Andreas M.; Schmidt, Walter

doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000355292.70987.a0

Cited by 2 publications

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“…The effects of LHTL on Hb mass are, however, still relatively transient, with a number of studies reporting a return to pre‐altitude values after 4–6 weeks (Brugniaux et al, 2006; Robertson et al, 2010). Similarly, when natural altitude dwellers reside at sea level for sustained durations, a steady reduction in Hb mass has been observed (Prommer et al, 2009) suggesting that removal of the altitude stimulus results in an adaptation to the normoxic environment. By contrast, a rapid decrease in Hb mass has been reported on descent from high altitude (Rice et al, 2001), a phenomenon termed neocytolysis, and first described during space flight (Alfrey et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time course of the hemoglobin mass response to natural altitude training in elite endurance cyclists

Garvican

Martin²,

Quod³

et al. 2012

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

117

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To determine the time course of hemoglobin mass (Hb(mass)) to natural altitude training, Hb(mass), erythropoietin [EPO], reticulocytes, ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) were measured in 13 elite cyclists during, and 10 days after, 3 weeks of sea level (n=5) or altitude (n=8, 2760 m) training. Mean Hb(mass), with a typical error of ∼2%, increased during the first 11 days at altitude (mean ± standard deviation 2.9 ± 2.0%) and was 3.5 ± 2.5% higher than baseline after 19 days. [EPO] increased 64.2 ± 18.8% after 2 nights at altitude but was not different from baseline after 12 nights. Hb(mass) and [EPO] did not increase in sea level. Reticulocytes (%) were slightly elevated in altitude at Days 5 and 12 (18.9 ± 17.7% and 20.4 ± 25.3%), sTfR was elevated at Day 12 (18.9 ± 15.0%), but both returned to baseline by Day 20. Hb(mass) and [EPO] decreased on descent to sea level while ferritin increased. The mean increase in Hb(mass) observed after 11 days (∼300 h) of altitude training was beyond the measurement error and consitent with the mean increase after 300 h of simulated live high:train low altitude. Our results suggest that in elite cyclists, Hb(mass) increases progressively with 3 weeks of natural altitude exposure, with greater increases expected as exposure persists.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time course of the hemoglobin mass response to natural altitude training in elite endurance cyclists

Garvican

Martin²,

Quod³

et al. 2012

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

117

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“…Likewise, both Brugniaux et al (2006) and Heinicke et al (2005) found an initial increase in tHbmass as a result of simulated and natural 'live high-train low', respectively, but tHbmass returned to baseline levels within 15-16 days at sea level. Prommer et al (2009) found that when natural altitude dwellers reside at sea level for sustained durations, a reduction in tHbmass occurs. The study found that tHbmass remained stable within the first 2 weeks at sea level followed by a reduction of~2% per week before leveling off around 5-6 weeks postaltitude.…”

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confidence: 98%

“…Prommer et al. () found that when natural altitude dwellers reside at sea level for sustained durations, a reduction in tHbmass occurs. The study found that tHbmass remained stable within the first 2 weeks at sea level followed by a reduction of ~2% per week before leveling off around 5–6 weeks post‐altitude.…”

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The time course of endogenous erythropoietin, IL‐6, and TNFα in response to acute hypoxic exposures

Turner

Gibson

Watt

et al. 2016

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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21Erythropoietin (EPO) rapidly decreases on return from chronic altitude exposure. Acute hypoxia may 22provide an additional stimulus to prevent this decline in EPO. Optimal normobaric hypoxic exposure 23 has not been established; therefore, investigation of methods eliciting the greatest response, whilst 24 not causing any addition stress is required. Eight physically active males (age 27 ± 4 yrs, body mass 25 77.5 ± 9.0 kg, height 179 ± 6 cm) attended the laboratory on four separate occasions, in a 26 randomised order, and rested passively in a hypoxic chamber for 2 h whilst exposed to four 27 simulated altitudes [FiO 2 : 0.209 (SL) 4,800 m [EPO] increased from 5.9 ± 1.5 to 8.1 ± 1.5 mUmL -1 (P = 0.009) and 6.0 ± 1.4 to 8.9 ± 2.0 32 mUmL -1 (P = 0.037), respectively, with the mean increase in [EPO] peaking at 4h (2h post-exposure). 33,Results indicate there were no differences found in IL-6 or TNFα during or post-exposure. An 34 increase in endogenous [EPO] was found two hours post-hypoxic exposure as result of two hours of 35 normobaric hypoxia, equivalent to 4,200 m and above. There was no dose-response relationship in 36[EPO] between the severity of simulated hypoxia. 37Key words: hypoxia, EPO, altitude, cytokines, inflammation, 38 39 2 Introduction 1Exercise performance and haematological responses have been shown to be variable in response to 2 altitude exposures (Chapman et al. 1998;Chapman 2013). Practitioners and coaches should 3 therefore consider individualising an athlete's post-altitude training strategy in order to fully 4 optimise the benefits of the camp. Elite coach, Dick (1992), discussed training at altitude in practice 5 and suggested that on return from altitude, time was needed to reach a stage were performance 6 shows a clear sign of benefit. Although these assumptions were based upon the training status of 7 the athlete, there is haematological evidence to suggest there is a 're-acclimatisation' that occurs 8 when returning to sea level from altitude. Garvican et al. (2012) observed a 1.5% decrease in 9 tHbmass within 3 days of decent from a 3 week natural altitude training camp, which persisted when 10 measured 10 days after decent and Pottgiesser et al. (2012) found that 9 days after completing at 26 11 day simulated altitude training camp there was a 3.0% decrease in tHbmass. Brugniaux et al. (2006) 12 andHeinicke et al. (2005) both found tHbmass in increased after 3 days at sea level but returned to 13 baseline levels after 16 and 15 days, respectively. 14 Prommer et al. (2009) found that when natural altitude dwellers reside at sea level for sustained 15 durations, a reduction in tHbmass occurs. The study found tHbmass remained stable within the first 16 2 weeks at sea level followed by a reduction of ~2% per week before levelling off around 5-6 weeks 17 post-altitude. The reduction in tHbmass was attributed to transiently suppressed erythropoietin 18 (EPO) as a result of returning to a normoxic environment . The removal of the 19 altitude stimulus appear to result in...

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Oxygen Transport In Kenyan Runners

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Time course of the hemoglobin mass response to natural altitude training in elite endurance cyclists

Time course of the hemoglobin mass response to natural altitude training in elite endurance cyclists

The time course of endogenous erythropoietin, IL‐6, and TNFα in response to acute hypoxic exposures

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