Oxygen transport as a solid‐state structure probe for polymeric materials: A review

Hiltner, A.; Liu, R. Y. F.; Hu, Yanfeng; Baer, E.

doi:10.1002/polb.20349

Cited by 97 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…The samples were purged with nitrogen for a minimum of 20 h, prior to exposure to a 100% oxygen flow of 10 mL/min, and a 5 cm 2 sample area was measured by using an in-house developed mask. Permeability 24 OTRðtÞ…”

Section: Oxygen Transmission Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and barrier properties of nanobiocomposites of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) and layered silicates

Sánchez-García

Giménez

Lagarón

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

116

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Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is generally considered to be a very uneasy biopolymer to handle because of significant instability during melt processing and some excessive brittleness. This work studied the morphological, thermal, and barrier properties of novel meltmixed nanobiocomposites of PHB, poly(e-caprolactones) (PCL), and layered phyllosilicates based on commercial organomodified kaolinite and montmorillonite clay additives. The addition of PCL component to the blend was seen to reduce oxygen permeability but it was also found to lead to a finer dispersion of the clay. The addition of highly intergallery swollen organomodified montmorillonite clays to the PHB blend led to a highly dispersed morphology of the filler, but this simultaneously increased to a significant extend the melt instability of the biopolymer. Nevertheless, the organomodified kaolinite clay, despite the fact that it was found to both lead to less dispersed and irregular morphology, particularly for higher clay loadings, it led to enhanced barrier properties to oxygen, D-limonene, and water. D-limonene and specially water molecules were, however, found to sorb in both hydrophobic and hydrophilic sites of the filler, respectively, hence diminishing the positive barrier effect of an enlarged tortuosity factor in the permeability. Mass transport properties were found to depend on the type of penetrant and modeling of the permeability data to most commonly applied formalisms was not found to be satisfactory because of factors such as morphological alterations, heterogeneity in the clay dispersion, and penetrant solubility in the filler.

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Section: Oxygen Transmission Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and barrier properties of nanobiocomposites of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) and layered silicates

Sánchez-García

Giménez

Lagarón

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

116

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“…Therefore, a lower degree of crystallinity yields greater permeability. Increased molecular orientation reduces permeability, in effect making the path to permeate more difficult [26].…”

Section: Effect Of (Re)crystallizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Thickness and Oxygen Transmission Rate before and after Thermoforming Mono- and Multi-layer Sheets into Trays with Variable Depth

et al. 2014

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During thermoforming, plastic sheets are heated and subsequently deformed through the application of mechanical stretching and/or pressure. This process directly impacts sheet properties such as material thickness in walls, corners, and bottom, crystallinity in the constituent layers, and particularly the oxygen gas permeability. The aim of this study was to quantify the impact of thermoforming on thickness and oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of selected packaging materials (polypropylene (PP); PP/ethylene-vinyl alcohol co-polymer/PP (PP/EVOH/PP); polystyrene/EVOH/polyethylene (PS/EVOH/PE); amorphous polyethylene terephtalate/PE (APET/PE); APET/PE/EVOH/PE; polyamide/PE (PA/PE); and (PE/)PA/EVOH/PA/PE). These materials were extruded in two different thicknesses and thermoformed into trays with the same top dimensions and variable depths of 25, 50, and/or 75 mm and a 50 mm tray with a variable radius of the corners. The distribution of the material thickness in the trays was visualized, showing the OPEN ACCESSPolymers 2014, 6 3020 locations that were most affected by the deep drawn process. The OTR results indicate that the calculated OTR, based on a homogeneous material distribution, can be used as a rough approximation of the measured OTR. However, detailed analysis of crystallization and unequal thinning, which is also related to the tray design, remains necessary to explain the deviation of the measured OTR as compared to the predicted one.

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“…Most reason relies that nanoparticles actually have much higher aspect ratios due to their high-surface area per volume. Hence, the interfacial volume element in a nanocomposite film is significantly greater than that of a microcomposite polymer (Mogri and Paul 2001;Hiltner et al 2005). As a result, the interaction between nanomaterial itself and nanomaterial-matrix become stronger.…”

Section: Weight Loss Of Stored Foodmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cellulose Nanofiber for Eco-friendly Polymer Nanocomposites

Muhamad

Salehudin

Salleh

2015

Advanced Structured Materials

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Nanocomposite is the reinforced composite material consists of nanoscale reinforcing fillers and matrix polymer. Fillers are dispersed within nanoscale and require just less amount than conventional reinforcing fillers, but the properties of composites are greatly improved. There would be only insignificant deterioration of properties in case of recycling; therefore, it is able to be an eco-friendly composite material. Recent studies show that interests in cellulose nanocomposites consists of nanocellulose fiber and matrix polymer are enhanced more and more in recent years. Especially, cellulose nanocomposites are best representative ecofriendly material as compared with nanocomposites reinforced with inorganic nanoscale fillers such as nanoclay, montmorillonite, mica, and silica. Natural filler such as cellulose nanofiber from palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) has drawn bigger attention as it promotes eco-friendly character. In current study, cellulose nanofiber (CNF) was prepared through pretreatment to remove noncellulosic content and then undergoes acid hydrolysis process. Starch-based nanocomposite film was formed by incorporation of 2-10 % CNF per weight of starch into the film matrix. The nanocomposite film that formed appears translucent and easy to handle. However, the film becomes more opaque as percentage of CNF incorporation increased. It was observed that films with the addition of up to 2 % CNF showed higher tensile strength and thermal stability, better barrier properties to water vapor than control films. Further study on the effect of CNF was carried out on Starch/ Chitosan composite packaging film to determine the influence of CNF toward antimicrobial properties of the composite film as applied packaging for perishable food. The effects of CNF contents on the tensile, dynamic mechanical and thermal properties as well as the barrier properties of the Starch/Chitosan nanocomposite

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Oxygen transport as a solid‐state structure probe for polymeric materials: A review

Cited by 97 publications

References 78 publications

Morphology and barrier properties of nanobiocomposites of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) and layered silicates

Morphology and barrier properties of nanobiocomposites of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) and layered silicates

Evaluation of the Thickness and Oxygen Transmission Rate before and after Thermoforming Mono- and Multi-layer Sheets into Trays with Variable Depth

Cellulose Nanofiber for Eco-friendly Polymer Nanocomposites

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