Oxygen sensors for Heavy Liquid Metal coolants: Calibration and assessment of the minimum reading temperature

Bassini, Serena; Antonelli, Adriano; Piazza, Ivan Di; Tarantino, M.

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.01.031

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Bismuth has also been proposed as a coolant (or as a combined fuel and coolant) to transfer the heat generated in a reactor to the working fluid of a heat engine [1][2]. Liquid bismuth and several closely related heavy liquid metals, including the lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE), are been considered as coolants for Generation IV fast reactors [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The use of LBE as coolant in uranium-plutonium mixed oxide (MOX) fueled reactors has been assessed [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uranosphaerite: Crystal structure, hydrogen bonding, mechanics, infrared and Raman spectroscopy and thermodynamics

Colmenero

Plášil

Němec

2020

Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uranosphaerite: Crystal structure, hydrogen bonding, mechanics, infrared and Raman spectroscopy and thermodynamics

Colmenero

Plášil

Němec

2020

Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids

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“…The type of internal reference electrodes used influenced the "minimum reading temperature", e.g., the minimum temperature to which the experimental output given by the sensor is in accordance with the Nernstian extrapolation in oxygen-saturated Pb/LBE. For the internal electrodes investigated, this minimum reading temperature was Cu/Cu 2 O (200 • C) < Bi/Bi 2 O 3 (300 • C) < Pt-air (400-450 • C) [98]. Recently, internal air-based references made of LSM-GDC (Lantanum-Strontium-Manganite-Godolinia-Doped Ceria) and LSCF-GDC (Lantanum-Strontium-Cobalt-Ferrite-Godolinia-Doped Ceria) powders were tested in 400 mm sensors, improving the performance compared with the standard Pt-air reference in oxygen-saturated LBE (Figure 26).…”

Section: Advancements In Corrosion Studies and Coatings Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The sensors are manufactured and tested in the RACHEL laboratory, and different configurations are under implementation for facility scale systems (loop and pool facility). For laboratory scale and capsules, small sensors were, in principle, tested in capsules using different internal reference electrodes (Pt-air, Bi/Bi 2 O 3 , and Cu/Cu 2 O) and using YPSZ (Yttria Partially Stabilized Zirconia) as the conductive material for O 2ions [98,99]. The type of internal reference electrodes used influenced the "minimum reading temperature", e.g., the minimum temperature to which the experimental output given by the sensor is in accordance with the Nernstian extrapolation in oxygen-saturated Pb/LBE.…”

Section: Advancements In Corrosion Studies and Coatings Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview on Lead-Cooled Fast Reactor Design and Related Technologies Development in ENEA

et al. 2021

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The next generation of nuclear energy systems, also known as Generation IV reactors, are being developed to meet the highest targets of safety and reliability, sustainability, economics, proliferation resistance, and physical protection, with improved performances compared with the currently licensed plants or those presently being built. Among the proposed technologies, lead-cooled fast reactors (LFRs) have been identified by nuclear industries in both Western and developing countries as being among the optimal Generation IV candidates. Since 2000, ENEA, the Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Economic Development is supporting the core design, safety assessment, and technological development of innovative nuclear systems cooled by heavy liquid metals (HLM) and, most recently, fully oriented on LFRs. ENEA is developing world-recognized skills in fast spectrum core design and is one of the largest European fleets of experimental facilities aiming at investigating HLM thermal-hydraulics, coolant chemistry control, corrosion behavior for structural materials, and material properties in the HLM environment, as well as at developing corrosion-protective coatings, components, instrumentation, and innovative systems, supported by experiments and numerical tools. Efforts are also dedicated to develop and validate numerical tools for specific application to HLM systems, ranging from neutronics codes, system and core thermal-hydraulic codes, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and fuel pin performance codes, including their coupling. The present work aims at highlighting the capabilities and competencies developed by ENEA so far in the framework of liquid metal technologies for Generation IV LFRs. In particular, an overview on the ongoing R&D experimental program will be depicted considering the current fleet of facilities, namely: CIRCE, NACIE-UP, LIFUS5, LECOR, BID-1, HELENA, RACHEL, and Mechanical Labs. An overview on the numerical activities performed so far and those presently ongoing is also reported. Finally, an overview of the ENEA contribution to the ALFRED Project in the frame of the FALCON international consortium is reported, mainly addressing the ongoing activity in terms of core design, technology development, and auxiliary systems design.

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“…Brasimone in Italy. The experience is related both to design and operation of such facilities and experimental results collected lead to publication in International research journals, see [4][5][6][7] as examples. At the ENEA C.R.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual Design of the CSP Lead Demonstrator SOLEAD

Piazza¹,

Tincani²,

Marinari³

et al. 2020

Adv. Mater. Lett.

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Oxygen sensors for Heavy Liquid Metal coolants: Calibration and assessment of the minimum reading temperature

Cited by 24 publications

References 28 publications

Uranosphaerite: Crystal structure, hydrogen bonding, mechanics, infrared and Raman spectroscopy and thermodynamics

Uranosphaerite: Crystal structure, hydrogen bonding, mechanics, infrared and Raman spectroscopy and thermodynamics

Overview on Lead-Cooled Fast Reactor Design and Related Technologies Development in ENEA

Conceptual Design of the CSP Lead Demonstrator SOLEAD

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