Oxygen isotope composition of the bone phosphate of Australian kangaroos: Potential as a palaeoenvironmental recorder

Oxygen Isotopes in Enamel Carbonate and their Ecological Significance

“…The oxygen isotope composition of mammalian tooth enamel is directly related to that of body water, which reflects the isotopic composition of oxygen that enters and exits the body which, in turn, is a complex function of climate, diet, and physiology (Longinelli, 1984;Luz, Kolodny & Horowitz, 1984;Ayliffe & Chivas, 1990;Bryant, Luz & Froelich, 1994;Bocherens et al, 1996;Kohn, 1996;Kohn, Schoeninger & Valley 1996). The body's main oxygen sources are atmospheric O 2 , liquid water, and oxygen bound in food.…”

“…While the effect of climate on mammalian oxygen isotope composition has been widely explored (Longinelli, 1984;Luz, Kolodny & Horowitz, 1984;Ayliffe & Chivas, 1990;Luz, Cormie & Schwarcz, 1990;Bryant et al, 1994), relatively little is known about the effects of diet and physiology. However, recent studies of multiple modern taxa within limited areas (to control for climate) suggest that diet has strong and generally predictable effects on isotopic composition, causing sympatric herbivores to have…”

Probing the metabolic water contribution to intracellular water using oxygen isotope ratios of PO 4

“…In recent years, interest in metabolic water has been extended to its oxygen isotopic composition ( 18 O/ 16 O ratio or δ 18 O value) and contribution to body water because this information is crucial to the interpretation of biomineral [e.g., carbonate-CaCO 3 -and phosphate-Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ] oxygen isotopic compositions used heavily in paleoclimate/paleohydrological research (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). This includes biomineral shells of aquatic marine organisms that are preserved in the geologic record and used to infer Earth's climate history (15)(16)(17)(18)(19).A core assumption of applications of biomineral oxygen isotopic compositions to infer environmental conditions is that the 18 O: 16 O ratio is controlled by exchange of oxygen isotopes between oxyanions comprising the biomineral and ambient water in bodily fluids (i.e., body water) (9,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). In multicellular eukaryotic organisms, body water includes all water found in various body compartments (e.g., intravascular/intercellular) and bodily fluids (e.g., blood plasma, urine, breath vapor), including water produced by metabolism, and is averaged over the entire organism (25,26).…”

“…metabolic water | isotope probing | phosphate oxygen isotopes M etabolic water, more precisely defined as an isotopically distinct flux of O (and H) produced during metabolism (1), has been studied extensively as an alternative water source contributing to body water in animals, such as desert mammals, insects, and migrating birds (2-6), but does not easily lend itself to direct measurement. In recent years, interest in metabolic water has been extended to its oxygen isotopic composition ( 18 O/ 16 O ratio or δ 18 O value) and contribution to body water because this information is crucial to the interpretation of biomineral [e.g., carbonate-CaCO 3 -and phosphate-Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ] oxygen isotopic compositions used heavily in paleoclimate/paleohydrological research (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). This includes biomineral shells of aquatic marine organisms that are preserved in the geologic record and used to infer Earth's climate history (15)(16)(17)(18)(19).…”

“…A core assumption of applications of biomineral oxygen isotopic compositions to infer environmental conditions is that the 18 O: 16 O ratio is controlled by exchange of oxygen isotopes between oxyanions comprising the biomineral and ambient water in bodily fluids (i.e., body water) (9,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). In multicellular eukaryotic organisms, body water includes all water found in various body compartments (e.g., intravascular/intercellular) and bodily fluids (e.g., blood plasma, urine, breath vapor), including water produced by metabolism, and is averaged over the entire organism (25,26).…”