Oxygen Electrochemistry as a Cornerstone for Sustainable Energy Conversion

Katsounaros, Ioannis; Cherevko, Serhiy; Žeradjanin, Aleksandar R.; Mayrhofer, Karl Johann Jakob

doi:10.1002/anie.201306588

Cited by 1,267 publications

(1,093 citation statements)

References 334 publications

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“…Platinum-based catalysts are the best electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells [1,2]. However, because of the high price and limited supply of Pt, numerous researches have focused on finding a way to reduce its amount in the catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PdPt alloy nanocubes as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in acid media

Jukk

Kongi

Tammeveski

et al. 2015

Electrochemistry Communications

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In this work, PdPt alloy nanocubes with different metal ratios were synthesised in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The surface morphology of the PdPt samples was characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM images showed that PdPt nanoparticles were cubic-shaped and the average size of the cubes was about 8-10 nm. Their electrocatalytic activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was studied in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 using the rotating disk electrode method. All the alloyed catalysts showed enhanced electrocatalytic activity for ORR as compared to the monometallic cubic Pd nanoparticles.Half-wave potential values for PdPt catalysts were comparable with that of Pt nanocubes.From the alloyed catalysts Pd 36 Pt 64 exhibited the highest specific activity, which was only slightly lower than that of cubic Pt nanoparticles. The Koutecky-Levich analysis revealed that the reduction of oxygen proceeded via 4-electron pathway on all the electrocatalysts studied.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PdPt alloy nanocubes as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in acid media

Jukk

Kongi

Tammeveski

et al. 2015

Electrochemistry Communications

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“…Nevertheless, some issues such as catalysts kinetic limitations, durability and cost must still be addressed before their successful commercialization. Oxygen reduction electrocatalysts are known to play a crucial role on fuel cells performance, being the fundamental studies on the subject still required to overcome these barriers 3,4 . By alloying Pt with other non-noble metals, it is possible to produce cheaper electrocatalysts with novel properties for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to lattice compression 5,6 and/or modified electronic properties 7,8 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental Anisotropic Growth and Atomic-Scale Structure of Shape-Controlled Octahedral Pt–Ni–Co Alloy Nanocatalysts

et al. 2015

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Multimetallic shape-controlled nanoparticles offer great opportunities to tune the activity, selectivity and stability of electrocatalytic surface reactions. However, in many cases, our synthetic control over particle size, composition and shape is limited requiring trial and error.Deeper atomic-scale insight in the particle formation process would enable more rational syntheses. Here we exemplify this using a family of trimetallic PtNiCo nanooctahedra obtained via a low-temperature, surfactant-free solvothermal synthesis. We analyze the competition between Ni and Co precursors under co-reduction "one-step" conditions when the Ni reduction rates prevailed. To tune the Co reduction rate and final content we develop a "two-step" route and track the evolution of the composition and morphology of the particles at the atomic scale.To achieve this, scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray elemental mapping techniques are used. We provide evidence of a heterogeneous element distribution caused by element-specific anisotropic growth and create octahedral nanoparticles with tailored atomic composition like Pt 1.5 M, PtM and PtM 1.5 (M=Ni+Co). These trimetallic electrocatalysts have been tested toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), showing a greatly enhanced mass activity related to commercial Pt/C and less activity loss than binary PtNi and PtCo after 4000 potential cycles.Keywords: PtNiCo octahedra, intraparticle composition, anisotropic growth, oxygen reduction reaction. 3Over the past years, extensive research and development has been carried out in fuel cells with the aim of implementing this technology on transportation, stationary and portable power generation 1, 2 . Nevertheless, some issues such as catalysts kinetic limitations, durability and cost must still be addressed before their successful commercialization. Oxygen reduction electrocatalysts are known to play a crucial role on fuel cells performance, being the fundamental studies on the subject still required to overcome these barriers 3,4 . By alloying Pt with other non-noble metals, it is possible to produce cheaper electrocatalysts with novel properties for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to lattice compression 5,6 and/or modified electronic properties 7,8 . Thus, several studies have shown that binary Pt-M (M=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, V, Ti) nanocrystals (NCs) greatly enhanced the kinetics of the ORR in comparison with standard Pt catalysts 9-11 . However, besides the composition, the intrinsic activity of nanoparticles also depends on their size and shape which strongly determine the atomic surface structure of the nanoparticles [12][13][14][15] . Thus, by controlling the morphology of the NCs it is possible to maximize the exposure of certain facets that exhibit better catalytic properties 16,17 . These are the premises that led to establish {111}-Pt 3 Ni surfaces as the ideal electrocatalyst for the ORR 18,19 . Since then, many synthetic routes to obtain PtNi nanooctahedra, which ideally exhibit 8 face...

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“…Compared to the well-studied activity of catalysts for oxygen evolution (OER), the topic of the catalyst durability is much less explored [25]. Typically, in scientific works catalyst stability is only addressed briefly, if at all, despite its significance for the operation of electrocatalytic reactors over extended times.…”

Section: Analysis: the Importance Of Catalyst Stability Studies And Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

MAXNET Energy – Focusing Research in Chemical Energy Conversion on the Electrocatlytic Oxygen Evolution

Auer

Cap

Antonietti

et al. 2015

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MAXNET Energy is an initiative of the Max Planck society in which eight Max Planck institutes and two external partner institutions form a research consortium aiming at a deeper understanding of the electrocatalytic conversion of small molecules. We give an overview of the activities within the MAXNET Energy research consortium. The main focus of research is the electrocatalytic water splitting reaction with an emphasis on the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Activities span a broad range from creation of novel catalysts by means of chemical or material synthesis, characterization and analysis applying innovative electrochemical techniques, atomistic simulations of state-of-the-art x-ray spectroscopy up to model-based systems analysis of coupled reaction and transport mechanisms. Synergy between the partners in the consortium is generated by two modes of cooperation – one in which instrumentation, techniques and expertise are shared, and one in which common standard materials and test protocols are used jointly for optimal comparability of results and to direct further development. We outline the special structure of the research consortium, give an overview of its members and their expertise and review recent scientific achievements in materials science as well as chemical and physical analysis and techniques. Due to the extreme conditions a catalyst has to endure in the OER, a central requirement for a good oxygen evolution catalyst is not only its activity, but even more so its high stability. Hence, besides detailed degradation studies, a central feature of MAXNET Energy is a standardized test setup/protocol for catalyst stability, which we propose in this contribution

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Oxygen Electrochemistry as a Cornerstone for Sustainable Energy Conversion

Cited by 1,267 publications

References 334 publications

PdPt alloy nanocubes as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in acid media

PdPt alloy nanocubes as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in acid media

Elemental Anisotropic Growth and Atomic-Scale Structure of Shape-Controlled Octahedral Pt–Ni–Co Alloy Nanocatalysts

MAXNET Energy – Focusing Research in Chemical Energy Conversion on the Electrocatlytic Oxygen Evolution

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