Oxygen electrocatalysis in chemical energy conversion and storage technologies

Lee, Jae Kwang; Jeong, Beomgyun; Ocon, Joey D.

doi:10.1016/j.cap.2012.08.008

Cited by 170 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…To that regard the oxygen evolution reaction has been the focus of numerous investigations with a few review papers having been published. 3,4 Water is oxidised at the anode of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyser and the produced protons (hydrogen ions) migrate through the membrane and are reduced at the cathode to hydrogen gas, the net result being the splitting of water into oxygen and hydrogen, according to During this process hydrogen ions are still produced, but in the process a serious environmental pollutant is converted to a more manageable compound, i.e. sulphuric acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

H₂ production through electro-oxidation of SO₂: identifying the fundamental limitations

Kriek

Siahrostami

Björketun

2014

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), a known industrial pollutant and pulmonary irritant, is emitted to the atmosphere in excess of 120 Mt per annum. Great strides have been taken to reduce SO 2 emissions, but with the growth of specifically China, and to a lesser extent India, it is on the rise again. The electrolysis of aqueous solutions of dissolved SO 2 holds huge environmental potential in that SO 2 is converted to sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) and at the same time hydrogen gas is produced. A further benefit or incentive is that a sulphur depolarised electrolyser (SDE) operates at an applied potential that is about one volt lower than that of a regular water electrolyser. In taking this technology forward the greatest improvement to be made is in developing a suitable electrocatalyst, which is also the 'lowest hanging fruit' in that very limited research and development has been conducted on the electrocatalyst for this process. In this work, density functional theory is employed to model the electro-oxidation of SO 2 on single crystal planes of the 4d and 5d transition metals. Two reaction mechanisms are considered, a HSO 3 intermediate pathway and a SO 3 intermediate pathway. The binding energies of all intermediates are found to scale with the surface reactivity (measured as the adsorption of OH). Irrespective of the pathway water needs to be activated and reduction of SO 2 to elemental sulphur must be avoided. This requirement alone calls for an electrode potential of at least 0.7-0.8 V for all the investigated transition metals and thus challenges the proclaimed goal to operate the SDE at 0.6 V. A high chemical barrier is further found to severely limit the oxidation reaction on reactive metals. A much higher catalytic activity can be obtained on precious metals but at the cost of running the reaction at high overpotentials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

H₂ production through electro-oxidation of SO₂: identifying the fundamental limitations

Kriek

Siahrostami

Björketun

2014

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…While many types of non-platinum electrocatalyst have been reported, such as metal-oxides, metal macrocyclic complex, metal chalcogenides, and nitrogen-containing carbon, none of them has been applied to practice due to poor performance or durability. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] We have been focusing on lead-ruthenium oxide (Pb 2 Ru 2 O 7-δ ) as a candidate of non-platinum electrocatalyst for ORR. [13][14][15][16] Pb 2 Ru 2 O 7-δ has a pyrochlore-type structure with some oxygen vacancies, and shows high electronic conductivity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Oxygen Vacancies and Reaction Conditions on Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Pyrochlore-Type Lead-Ruthenium Oxide

Fujii

Satô

Takase

2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A series of pyrochlore-type lead-ruthenium oxide (Pb 2 Ru 2 O 7-δ ) containing various amounts of oxygen vacancies was prepared by varying the heat-treatment temperature, and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity as well as the electrochemical redox property in acid and alkaline solution was evaluated using rotating disk electrode. The specific ORR activity was increased with increasing the amount of oxygen vacancies, and linearly correlated to the charge amount of electrochemical redox of Pb 2 Ru 2 O 7-δ both in acid and alkaline solution. We concluded that the surface oxygen vacancy participates in the electrochemical redox of Pb 2 Ru 2 O 7-δ , and at the same time, behaves as the active site for ORR. The ORR activity in alkaline solution was much higher than that in acid solution, possibly because of the difference of the facility of electrochemical desorption of adsorbed oxygen species in the ORR process. Additionally, the effect of humidity on the ORR activity was investigated by single cell test. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are promising alternative power sources for home co-generation system and transportation applications due to advantages such as low emission and high efficiency. There are, however, still many problems remaining for widespread commercialization of PEMFCs. In the current PEMFCs, platinum based catalyst is used as the cathode electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). From the view of cost and availability, alternative electrocatalyst to platinum is strongly required. While many types of non-platinum electrocatalyst have been reported, such as metal-oxides, metal macrocyclic complex, metal chalcogenides, and nitrogen-containing carbon, none of them has been applied to practice due to poor performance or durability. 1-12We have been focusing on lead-ruthenium oxide (Pb 2 Ru 2 O 7-δ ) as a candidate of non-platinum electrocatalyst for ORR. [13][14][15][16] Pb 2 Ru 2 O 7-δ has a pyrochlore-type structure with some oxygen vacancies, and shows high electronic conductivity. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Horowitz et al. 20 have firstly reported that Pb 2 Ru 2 O 7-δ which is prepared by co-precipitation method in aqueous solution and post heat-treatment at 300-750• C shows high ORR activity in alkaline solution. Afterwards, several researches aimed at application of Pb 2 Ru 2 O 7-δ to electrochemical devices such as fuel cell, metal-air battery and oxygen sensor have been conducted. 20,21,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] For example, Goodenough et al. 31,35 have reported that Pb 2 Ru 2 O 7-δ shows ORR activity and high stability not only in alkaline solution but also in acid solution and proton exchange membrane such as Nafion. Also, we have found that partial substitution of other cations such as Bi, In, or Sb with Pb site in Pb 2 Ru 2 O 7-δ have a positive effect on the ORR activity.13 Nevertheless, the ORR activity of Pb 2 Ru 2 O 7-δ is needed to be drastically enhanced for practical use as the cathode electrocatalyst of PEMFC. For this purpose, it ...

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“…At present, primary zinc-air battery is commercially available, whereas the rechargeable one is still under study because of several critical problems. The poor performance of ORR and OER in the air electrode is one of the major drawbacks [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] . Catalyst layer and GDL comprises the bifunctional air electrode wherein the catalyst for ORR and OER is located at catalyst layer and the GDL allows the diffusion of atmospheric oxygen necessary for the reaction to take place.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Gas Diffusion Layer on La_0.8Sr_0.2CoO₃Bifunctional Electrode for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions in an Alkaline Solution

Lopez¹,

Yang²,

Sun³

et al. 2016

Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society

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>> Various commercially available gas diffusion layers (GDLs) from different manufacturers were used to prepare an air electrode using La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 perovskite (LSCP) as the catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in an alkaline solution. Various GDLs have different physical properties, such as porosity, conductivity, hydrophobicity, etc. The ORR and OER of the resulting cathode were electrochemically evaluated in an alkaline solution. The electrochemical properties of the resulting cathodes were slightly different when compared to the physical properties of GDLs. Pore structure and conductivity of GDLs had a prominent effect and their hydrophobicities had a minor effect on the electrochemical performances of cathodes for ORR and OER.

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Oxygen electrocatalysis in chemical energy conversion and storage technologies

Cited by 170 publications

References 82 publications

H₂ production through electro-oxidation of SO₂: identifying the fundamental limitations

H₂ production through electro-oxidation of SO₂: identifying the fundamental limitations

Effects of Oxygen Vacancies and Reaction Conditions on Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Pyrochlore-Type Lead-Ruthenium Oxide

Effect of Gas Diffusion Layer on La_0.8Sr_0.2CoO₃Bifunctional Electrode for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions in an Alkaline Solution

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Oxygen electrocatalysis in chemical energy conversion and storage technologies

Cited by 170 publications

References 82 publications

H2 production through electro-oxidation of SO2: identifying the fundamental limitations

H2 production through electro-oxidation of SO2: identifying the fundamental limitations

Effects of Oxygen Vacancies and Reaction Conditions on Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Pyrochlore-Type Lead-Ruthenium Oxide

Effect of Gas Diffusion Layer on La0.8Sr0.2CoO3Bifunctional Electrode for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions in an Alkaline Solution

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H₂ production through electro-oxidation of SO₂: identifying the fundamental limitations

H₂ production through electro-oxidation of SO₂: identifying the fundamental limitations

Effect of Gas Diffusion Layer on La_0.8Sr_0.2CoO₃Bifunctional Electrode for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions in an Alkaline Solution