The effect of crystalline phase (anatase, brookite and rutile) and size on the photocatalytic activity of calcined polymorphic titanium dioxide (TiO2).
Among other energy alternatives, such as wind and solar, hydrogen in itself is considered a viable and ideal option due to its zero CO 2 emission, high gravimetric energy density, pollution-free advantages, and independence of weather conditions. [2] However, the traditional production of hydrogen, through steam methane reforming and coal gasification, is by no means feasible in the long term due to its associate carbon footprint. To circumvent the "pitfalls" associated with traditional hydrogen production technologies, electrochemical water splitting, when coupled with carbon-free electricity, offers greater hope.Generally, electrochemical water splitting comprises of two half-reactions: 1) proton reduction, also known as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which occurs at the cathode (Reactions 1 and 3), and 2) water oxidation, also known as the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which occurs at the anode (Reactions 2 and 4). [3] These half-reactions combine into the overall water-splitting reaction (Reaction 5).
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