“…However, for the unmodified ZnIn 2 S 4 material, neither hexagonal phase nor cubic phase are highly active for CO 2 photoreduction, owing to the high recombination rate of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. In view of this, various of modification strategies for ZnIn 2 S 4 photocatalyst have been applied to enhance its performance for CO 2 reduction, including morphology engineering by fab rication oneunitcell ZnIn 2 S 4 layers, [30] doping engineering by introducing oxygen heteroatom, [94] vacancy engineering by preparing Zn vacanciesrich ZnIn2S 4 , [30,70] and heterojunction engineering by constructing a variety of ZnIn 2 S 4 based het erojunctions. [31,70,143,165,182,221,303,330,401,402] As an typical example, to pursue the high activity of CO 2 reduction and simultane ously elucidate the promotion mechanism, in 2017, Xie et al [30] rationally designed and fabricated the Zn vacanciesrich and atomiclayerthick ZnIn 2 S 4 nanosheets.…”