Oxygen Content of Blood in Patients With Varicose Veins

Blalock, Alfred

doi:10.1001/archsurg.1929.01150050129010

Cited by 91 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Initially, Homanns (10) reported a reduced blood flow to the limbs, a theory which was soon discarded since studies demonstrated a greater flow in the femoral arteries of patients with CVH (11)(12)(13) than in normal individuals. Recently, the most popular theory in the literature (14,15) has been that the leukocytes are sequestered at the level of capillaries of the lower extremities, occluding them and causing regional hypoflow leading to ischemia and tissue destruction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in white blood count, thromboxane B2 levels and hematocrit in chronic venous hypertension

et al. 1998

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Objective: To analyze variations in leukocyte count and thromboxane B 2 production in the femoral vein of patients with chronic venous hypertension (CVH). Design: Prospective clinical study, controlled, non randomized and open. Location: Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, referral center, university hospital. Participants: 15 patients with recurring stasis ulcer were analyzed, selected randomly from the venous diseases outpatient center, and 4 without lower limb venous alterations were also analyzed. Intervention: Blood samples from the femoral and brachial veins were drawn following supine and 45º reverse Trendelenburg. Main outcomes measures: Direct leukocyte count and analysis of the thomboxane B 2 with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay test. Results: After 30 minutes in reverse Trendelenburg, patients with CVH showed a leukocyte count reduced by ±27% (p=0.02) and thromboxane B 2 levels increased by ±158% (p=0.02). Conclusions: We suggest that future studies of medications for stasis ulcers include their effects on leukocyte entrapment and thromboxane B 2 production in the lower limb venous system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in white blood count, thromboxane B2 levels and hematocrit in chronic venous hypertension

et al. 1998

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“…Anoxemia of the varicose tissue is out of the question. Nevertheless the latest French (11) Spanish (12) and American (13) publications do mention such an increased 02 content of the blood from varicose veins. However, these findings are explained in different ways.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Studies of the Blood of Normal and Varicose Veins

Greither

1955

Angiology

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description of the centrifugal blood flow in varicosities of the saphenous veins of patients examined in the erect position and Magnus' (2) discovery of the so-called &dquo;private circulation&dquo; seem to have furnished a reasonable explanation of the pathogenesis of varicosities and their sequelae. Both authors assumed that the poor quality of the insufficiently regenerated blood in the varicosities would ultimately lead to tissue asphyxiation. According to Magnus the blood in varicosities contains an increased amount of carbon dioxide, whereas Klapp (3) has found an elevated quantity of nonprotein nitrogen. However, the blood chemistry studies of Klapp (4, 5) and his coworkers are not too reliable. The figures reported vary too much when blood taken from different veins of the body was analyzed, and an increase of the nonprotein nitrogen was frequently found even in specimens taken from veins which were macroscopically intact. These apparent discrepancies induced the authors to introduce a new technical term: &dquo;functional&dquo; varicosities. Moreover, none of Hlapp's collaborators was ever able to find an increased C02 content in the blood of varicose veins.Additional investigations of the blood flow in varicose veins cast even more doubt upon the correctness of the term &dquo;private circulation.&dquo; Haxthausen (6), by simply injecting dye into the veins, could prove that the circulation of blood in varicose veins was equally complete and that the blood moved at the same speed as did the blood in the intact veins. Fischer (7) could demonstrate that radiopaque dyes injected into the saphenous veins would first follow the gravitation and descend somewhat, but shortly afterward would vanish completely. This could mean only that the dyes were taken up and carried away with the blood stream. Now, the so-called &dquo;private circulation&dquo; is said to consist of one slow and one very fast leg. The former is composed of the varicosed part and the latter one of the popliteal vein itself. The circulation in the popliteal vein is about 10 times as fast as that in the varicose veins. Therefore the blood of the varicosity is being diluted 10 times during the first circuit of the blood, 100 times during the second and 1,000 times during the third. Obviously there is no stagnation of the blood flow. The most one can say is that blood coming out of the varicose veins makes a detour from an area of high pressure (16 cm Hg) to another of low pressure in the popliteal vein (1 cm Hg).But that is not all. Painstaking reinvestigations (8,9) have also disproved the theory of increased metabolic remnants in the blood of varicose veins. However, the theory still retained its place, despite all the results to the contrary brought to light by newer research. Its influence can be felt in almost every paper dealing with the varicosity problem. It goes even so far that a new remedy (Cir-

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“…In 1929, Blalock reported that the carbon dioxide content of the varicose blood is higher than that of the venous blood in the cubital vein of the same person, and that the oxygen content was lower in varicose veins. 11 A study by Asciutto and co-workers showed that in varicose veins, rising from the great saphenous vein, estradiol levels were significantly higher than in veins of the upper extremity. 12 In the present study, some inflammatory markers were increased in the varicose vein samples compared with the systemic blood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Blood Constituents in Varicose Veins Differ From the Systemic Blood Constituents?

Poredoš

Spirkoska

Ručigaj

et al. 2015

European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery

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Some inflammatory markers and indicators of endothelial dysfunction are increased in varicose vein blood. This is most probably the consequence of deteriorated blood flow in dilated and tortuous superficial veins, and increased venous pressure. Damage to the venous wall, which causes a chronic inflammatory response, together with the procoagulant properties of local blood may promote further progression of the disease and thrombotic complications.

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Oxygen Content of Blood in Patients With Varicose Veins

Cited by 91 publications

References 2 publications

Variations in white blood count, thromboxane B2 levels and hematocrit in chronic venous hypertension

Variations in white blood count, thromboxane B2 levels and hematocrit in chronic venous hypertension

Comparative Studies of the Blood of Normal and Varicose Veins

Do Blood Constituents in Varicose Veins Differ From the Systemic Blood Constituents?

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