Oxygen consumption and the composition of skeletal muscle tissue after training and inactivation in the European woodmouse (Apodemus sylvaticus)

Hoppeler, Hans; Lindstedt, Stan L.; Uhlmann, E.; Niesel, A.; Cruz‐Orive, Luis M.; Weibel, Ewald R.

doi:10.1007/bf00688791

“…; Liomys salvini, individuals were maintained 12 months in captivity, ; and (3) reported original collecting sites. Given these criteria, the following species were not included in the analyses, even though their MMR in He-O 2 is available in the literature: Apodemus sylvaticus (Hoppeler et al 1984), Mesocricetus auratus (Werner 1992), and Rattus norvegicus . Values of MMR for porcupines Erethizon dorsatum (Fournier and Thomas 1999) were not included because their body mass (5.6 to 6.6 kg) is far beyond the range of the other species (see Appendix online at http: //dx.doi.org/10.1554/03-499.1.s1), and all individuals measured were winter-acclimatized (see below).…”

Section: Metabolic and Environmental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic Adaptation and the Evolution of Basal and Maximum Rates of Metabolism in Rodents

Rezende¹,

Bozinovic²,

Garland³

2004

Evol

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Abstract. Metabolic rate is a key aspect of organismal biology and the identification of selective factors that have led to species differences is a major goal of evolutionary physiology. We tested whether environmental characteristics and/or diet were significant predictors of interspecific variation in rodent metabolic rates. Mass-specific basal metabolic rates (BMR) and maximum metabolic rates (MMR, measured during cold exposure in a He-O 2 atmosphere) were compiled from the literature. Maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) annual mean temperatures, latitude, altitude, and precipitation were obtained from field stations close to the capture sites reported for each population (N ϭ 57). Diet and all continuous-valued traits showed statistically significant phylogenetic signal, with the exception of masscorrected MMR and altitude. Therefore, results of phylogenetic analyses are emphasized. Body mass was not correlated with absolute latitude, but was positively correlated with precipitation in analyses with phylogenetically independent contrasts. Conventional multiple regressions that included body mass indicated that Tmax (best), Tmin, latitude, and diet were significant additional predictors of BMR. However, phylogenetic analyses indicated that latitude was the only significant predictor of mass-adjusted BMR (positive partial regression coefficient, one-tailed P ϭ 0.0465). Conventional analyses indicated that Tmax, Tmin (best), and altitude explained significant amounts of the variation in mass-adjusted MMR. With body mass and Tmin in the model, no additional variables were significant predictors. Phylogenetic contrasts yielded similar results. Both conventional and phylogenetic analyses indicated a highly significant positive correlation between residual BMR and MMR (as has also been reported for birds), which is consistent with a key assumption of the aerobic capacity model for the evolution of vertebrate energetics (assuming that MMR and exercise-induced maximal oxygen consumption are positively functionally related). Our results support the hypothesis that variation in environmental factors leads to variation in the selective regime for metabolic rates of rodents. However, the causes of a positive association between BMR and latitude remain obscure. Moreover, an important area for future research will be experiments in all taxa are raised under common conditions to allow definitive tests of climatic adaptation in endotherm metabolic rates and to elucidate the extent of adaptive phenotypic plasticity.Key words. Bergmann's rule, body size, comparative method, diet, endothermy, energetics, temperature.Received August 29, 2003. Accepted February 8, 2004 Identification of the selective factors that have led to interspecific diversification in metabolic rates has been a major goal of ecological and evolutionary physiology (Garland and Carter 1994;Spicer and Gaston 1999;Walters and Reich 2000;McNab 2002). The most common approach is to correlate species or population differences in metabolic rate with variation in var...

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“…; Liomys salvini, individuals were maintained 12 months in captivity, Hulbert et al 1985); and (3) reported original collecting sites. Given these criteria, the following species were not included in the analyses, even though their MMR in He-O 2 is available in the literature: Apodemus sylvaticus (Hoppeler et al 1984), Mesocricetus auratus (Werner 1992), and Rattus norvegicus (Rosenmann and Morrison 1974;Hinds et al 1993). Values of MMR for porcupines Erethizon dorsatum (Fournier and Thomas 1999) were not included because their body mass (5.6 to 6.6 kg) is far beyond the range of the other species (see Appendix online at http: //dx.doi.org/10.1554/03-499.1.s1), and all individuals measured were winter-acclimatized (see below).…”

Section: Metabolic and Environmental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic Adaptation and the Evolution of Basal and Maximum Rates of Metabolism in Rodents

Rezende

¹

,

Bozinovic

²

,

Garland

³

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Metabolic rate is a key aspect of organismal biology and the identification of selective factors that have led to species differences is a major goal of evolutionary physiology. We tested whether environmental characteristics and/or diet were significant predictors of interspecific variation in rodent metabolic rates. Mass-specific basal metabolic rates (BMR) and maximum metabolic rates (MMR, measured during cold exposure in a He-O 2 atmosphere) were compiled from the literature. Maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) annual mean temperatures, latitude, altitude, and precipitation were obtained from field stations close to the capture sites reported for each population (N ϭ 57). Diet and all continuous-valued traits showed statistically significant phylogenetic signal, with the exception of masscorrected MMR and altitude. Therefore, results of phylogenetic analyses are emphasized. Body mass was not correlated with absolute latitude, but was positively correlated with precipitation in analyses with phylogenetically independent contrasts. Conventional multiple regressions that included body mass indicated that Tmax (best), Tmin, latitude, and diet were significant additional predictors of BMR. However, phylogenetic analyses indicated that latitude was the only significant predictor of mass-adjusted BMR (positive partial regression coefficient, one-tailed P ϭ 0.0465). Conventional analyses indicated that Tmax, Tmin (best), and altitude explained significant amounts of the variation in mass-adjusted MMR. With body mass and Tmin in the model, no additional variables were significant predictors. Phylogenetic contrasts yielded similar results. Both conventional and phylogenetic analyses indicated a highly significant positive correlation between residual BMR and MMR (as has also been reported for birds), which is consistent with a key assumption of the aerobic capacity model for the evolution of vertebrate energetics (assuming that MMR and exercise-induced maximal oxygen consumption are positively functionally related). Our results support the hypothesis that variation in environmental factors leads to variation in the selective regime for metabolic rates of rodents. However, the causes of a positive association between BMR and latitude remain obscure. Moreover, an important area for future research will be experiments in all taxa are raised under common conditions to allow definitive tests of climatic adaptation in endotherm metabolic rates and to elucidate the extent of adaptive phenotypic plasticity.

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“…It is clear that during maximal exercise some mammals (such as man and dog) can increase their myocardial energy flux more than 5-fold, and the values become near to the maximum oxidative phosphorylation capacity of their hearts [134,135]. We have estimated, on the basis of their mitochondrial volume fraction and the knowledge that 1 g of mitochondria consumes about 4 ml O 2 /min [6,135], that human hearts have an oxidative capacity in excess of 200 mW g Ϫ1 and would It is interesting to note that rodents have a very reduced exercise tolerance compared with man's [136]. This is manifest as a much-reduced ability to increase heart rate, although rodents can undoubtedly double the work output per beat (see Table 3b).…”

Section: Basal Metabolism Mechanical Efficiency and Species Difmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ratio of mitochondrial to cell volume is higher in the smaller species [6], and the mitochondria in the smaller mammals have a higher proton leak [7], thus establishing a cellular futile cycle. It is also well known that the protein turnover rate increases in the smaller species [8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Basal Metabolism.

Gibbs

¹

,

Loiselle²

2001

JJP

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The cardiac basal metabolism is the rate of energy expenditure of the quiescent myocardium. It is also called the resting metabolism or the arrested heart metabolism. It has been measured in numerous ways, and in vivo there is good evidence that it accounts for about 1/5 to 1/3 of the total energy flux. The difficulty arises, however, when the heart is stopped because the magnitude of the basal metabolism depends, as blood viscosity, on how and under what physiological condition it is measured. It is possible for the in vivo basal value to fall to less than 1/5 of its original value without cellular damage or to increase to values 5 times greater than its probable in vivo magnitude (i.e., to rise to values in excess of the energy flux of the normally beating heart) by altering the composition of the perfusion medium. We have written on this subject several times [1][2][3], but believe that developments in knowledge now make it possible for us to speculate in a more informed manner. Since several million openheart operations are performed on arrested hearts worldwide each year, it would seem imperative that we understand the cellular mechanisms that can change the magnitude of basal metabolism.A. V. Hill [4] has pointed out that in examining physiological activities, it is necessary to assume a baseline from which some quantity or rate can be measured. If the energy flux produced by the beating heart were very large compared with the energy flux of the arrested heart, baseline ambiguity would be relatively unimportant. But this is not so in regard to the heart; its basal metabolism is high. Within a species, the basal metabolism of cardiac tissue is several-fold higher than the resting metabolism of skeletal muscle and is an order of magnitude greater than the resting metabolism of amphibian skeletal muscle.Species differences are clearly evident in the magnitude of cardiac basal metabolism, and we believe that the major reason for these differences relates to the leakiness of cell membranes, such as those of the sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum and those of Japanese Journal of Physiology, 51, 399-426, 2001 Key words: whole hearts, isolated preparations, biochemical contributors, modifiers, species difference, temperature, substrate, hypoxia. Abstract:We endeavor to show that the metabolism of the nonbeating heart can vary over an extreme range: from values approximating those measured in the beating heart to values of only a small fraction of normal-perhaps mimicking the situation of nonflow arrest during cardiac bypass surgery. We discuss some of the technical issues that make it difficult to establish the magnitude of basal metabolism in vivo. We consider some of the likely contributors to its magnitude and point out that the biochemical reasons for a sizable fraction of the heart's basal ATP usage remain unresolved. We consider many of the physiological factors that can alter the basal metabolic rate, stressing the importance of substrate supply. We point out that the protective effect of hypothermia ...

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Oxygen consumption and the composition of skeletal muscle tissue after training and inactivation in the European woodmouse (Apodemus sylvaticus)

Cited by 62 publications

References 27 publications

Climatic Adaptation and the Evolution of Basal and Maximum Rates of Metabolism in Rodents

Climatic Adaptation and the Evolution of Basal and Maximum Rates of Metabolism in Rodents

Climatic Adaptation and the Evolution of Basal and Maximum Rates of Metabolism in Rodents

Cardiac Basal Metabolism.

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