Oxygen blast furnace with CO 2 capture and storage at an integrated steel mill – Part II: Economic feasibility in comparison with conventional blast furnace highlighting sensitivities

Tsupari, Eemeli; Kärki, Janne; Arasto, Antti; Lilja, Jarmo; Kinnunen, Kimmo; Sihvonen, Miika

doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2014.11.007

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…With regard to iron and steel production, CO 2 capture has been examined widely and tested but not yet widely deployed. Different techniques have been scrutinized to capture CO 2 from blast furnace gas by applying chemical absorption or physical absorption/adsorption [21,22,25,31,[37][38][39][59][60][61][62]. In addition, CO 2 capture from the "end of pipe" off-gas of the whole plant has been examined.…”

Section: Potential Means To Reduce Emissions By Co 2 Capturing and Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reduction in CO2 emissions was estimated to be in the range of 10-25% [22] ( Figure 6). However, the TGR-OBF-CCS technology is relatively complicated, electricity consumption increases, and less electric power can be generated [27,[36][37][38]. An industrial TGR-OBF installation was put into operation in Anshan, China, in 2012 [39].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Acronyms are explained in the text. Outlined based on literature data[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40].…”

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A General Vision for Reduction of Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions from the Steel Industry

Holappa

2020

Metals

145

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The 2018 IPCC (The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s) report defined the goal to limit global warming to 1.5 °C by 2050. This will require “rapid and far-reaching transitions in land, energy, industry, buildings, transport, and cities”. The challenge falls on all sectors, especially energy production and industry. In this regard, the recent progress and future challenges of greenhouse gas emissions and energy supply are first briefly introduced. Then, the current situation of the steel industry is presented. Steel production is predicted to grow by 25–30% by 2050. The dominant iron-making route, blast furnace (BF), especially, is an energy-intensive process based on fossil fuel consumption; the steel sector is thus responsible for about 7% of all anthropogenic CO2 emissions. In order to take up the 2050 challenge, emissions should see significant cuts. Correspondingly, specific emissions (t CO2/t steel) should be radically decreased. Several large research programs in big steelmaking countries and the EU have been carried out over the last 10–15 years or are ongoing. All plausible measures to decrease CO2 emissions were explored here based on the published literature. The essential results are discussed and concluded. The specific emissions of “world steel” are currently at 1.8 t CO2/t steel. Improved energy efficiency by modernizing plants and adopting best available technologies in all process stages could decrease the emissions by 15–20%. Further reductions towards 1.0 t CO2/t steel level are achievable via novel technologies like top gas recycling in BF, oxygen BF, and maximal replacement of coke by biomass. These processes are, however, waiting for substantive industrialization. Generally, substituting hydrogen for carbon in reductants and fuels like natural gas and coke gas can decrease CO2 emissions remarkably. The same holds for direct reduction processes (DR), which have spread recently, exceeding 100 Mt annual capacity. More radical cut is possible via CO2 capture and storage (CCS). The technology is well-known in the oil industry; and potential applications in other sectors, including the steel industry, are being explored. While this might be a real solution in propitious circumstances, it is hardly universally applicable in the long run. More auspicious is the concept that aims at utilizing captured carbon in the production of chemicals, food, or fuels e.g., methanol (CCU, CCUS). The basic idea is smart, but in the early phase of its application, the high energy-consumption and costs are disincentives. The potential of hydrogen as a fuel and reductant is well-known, but it has a supporting role in iron metallurgy. In the current fight against climate warming, H2 has come into the “limelight” as a reductant, fuel, and energy storage. The hydrogen economy concept contains both production, storage, distribution, and uses. In ironmaking, several research programs have been launched for hydrogen production and reduction of iron oxides. Another global trend is the transfer from fossil fuel to electricity. “Green” electricity generation and hydrogen will be firmly linked together. The electrification of steel production is emphasized upon in this paper as the recycled scrap is estimated to grow from the 30% level to 50% by 2050. Finally, in this review, all means to reduce specific CO2 emissions have been summarized. By thorough modernization of production facilities and energy systems and by adopting new pioneering methods, “world steel” could reach the level of 0.4–0.5 t CO2/t steel and thus reduce two-thirds of current annual emissions.

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Section: Potential Means To Reduce Emissions By Co 2 Capturing and Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A General Vision for Reduction of Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions from the Steel Industry

Holappa

2020

Metals

145

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“…The analysis showed that the CO 2 emissions from an ISP could be significantly reduced by the application of an oxygen blast furnace and CCS [29]. Based on the technical analysis, the economic profitability was further evaluated in Reference [30], which found that the investment on OBF or CCS depended on CO 2 , the fuels, and electricity prices. However, the comprehensive energy consumption and CO 2 emissions analysis on three different routes based on the static process model such as an ISP with BF, an ISP with the TGR-OBF, and an ISP with the COREX were not analyzed in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission for Three Steel Production Routes—Integrated Steel Plant Equipped with Blast Furnace, Oxygen Blast Furnace or COREX

Song

Jiang

Bao

et al. 2019

Metals

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High CO2 emissions and energy consumption have greatly restricted the development of China’s iron and steel industry. Two alternative ironmaking processes, top gas recycling-oxygen blast furnace (TGR-OBF) and COREX®, can reduce CO2 emissions and coking coal consumption in the steel industry when compared with a conventional blast furnace (BF). To obtain parameters on the material flow of these processes, two static process models for TGR-OBF and COREX were established. Combining the operating data from the Jingtang steel plant with established static process models, this research presents a detailed analysis of the material flows, metallurgical gas generation and consumption, electricity consumption and generation, comprehensive energy consumption, and CO2 emissions of three integrated steel plants (ISP) equipped with the BF, TGR-OBF, and COREX, respectively. The results indicated that the energy consumption of an ISP with the TGR-OBF was 16% and 16.5% lower than that of a conventional ISP and an ISP with the COREX. Compared with a conventional ISP, the coking coal consumption in an ISP with the TGR-OBF and an ISP with the COREX were reduced by 39.7% and 100% respectively. With the International Energy Agency factor, the ISP with the TGR-OBF had the lowest net CO2 emissions, which were 10.8% and 35.0% lower than that of a conventional ISP and an ISP with the COREX. With the China Grid factor, the conventional ISP had the lowest net CO2 emissions—2.8% and 24.1% lower than that of an ISP with the TGR-OBF and an ISP with the COREX, respectively.

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“…12) Currently, a number of studies on TGR-BF have been carried out, such as the analysis of flow and combustion of reducing gas in tuyere, CO 2 emission and energy consumption. 11,[13][14][15] Nonetheless, the clear limitation for the development of above technology is that how to capture and disposal CO 2 of…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Hydrogen Addition on Reduction Kinetics of Iron Oxides in Gas-injection BF

Qie

Lyu

et al. 2017

ISIJ Int.

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Oxygen blast furnace with CO 2 capture and storage at an integrated steel mill – Part II: Economic feasibility in comparison with conventional blast furnace highlighting sensitivities

Cited by 31 publications

References 9 publications

A General Vision for Reduction of Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions from the Steel Industry

A General Vision for Reduction of Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions from the Steel Industry

Comparison of Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission for Three Steel Production Routes—Integrated Steel Plant Equipped with Blast Furnace, Oxygen Blast Furnace or COREX

Effect of Hydrogen Addition on Reduction Kinetics of Iron Oxides in Gas-injection BF

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