Oxidized cornstarch – Urea wood adhesive for interior particleboard production

An Improved Optimization Model to Predict the MOR of Glulam Prepared by UF-Oxidized Starch Adhesive: A Hybrid Artificial Neural Network-Modified Genetic Algorithm Optimization Approach

“…Modified starch oxidized by 10% and 20% NaOCl (MS10% and MS20%) exhibited similar diffraction peaks illustrating that the oxidation mainly occurred in the amorphous region of starch [38]. These findings are consistent with the previously published data [39][40][41][42]. Figure 3B presented the XDR diffractograms of the MS/UF adhesives synthesized by different F:U mole ratios.…”

“…As could be seen, all of the characteristic peaks of oxidized starch disappeared or were significantly weakened, which revealed the alteration of the crystalline region into an amorphous structure. This verified the conversion of MS and UF into adhesive [42].…”

“…In addition, based on the SEM images, it is evident that, during the oxidation, the spherical shape of starch can disappear completely and the surface structure becomes rough or bar-shaped when it is added to urea and the OS-U adhesive is formed, showing the polycondensation reaction between urea and the modified starch [42]. However, at the same time when using higher contents of the oxidized starch, especially together with a stronger alkaline treatment, due to much more frequent failures of starch polymers and the opening of hemiacetal loops of glucose monomers of amylose and amylopectin chains of starch at the same time, viscosity declines strongly again so that it can be less than the resin viscosity, which is less than that of starch.…”

Unsaturated Polyester Resin as a Nonformaldehyde Adhesive Used in Bamboo Particle Boards

“…Bamboo, commonly known as “the second forest”, is abundant in Southwest China. , As a sustainable, readily available, and biodegradable material with a short maturity rotation (4–5 years), bamboo is widely employed as a notable nontimber building material for flooring and furniture manufacturing (e.g., bamboo particle board (BPB), bamboo mat board, laminated bamboo board, bamboo scrimber, and bamboo mat veneer composite). − One of the key challenges in a bamboo-based board is the release of a carcinogenic substance from formaldehyde-based adhesives widely used in the wood industry. − Nonformaldehyde-based adhesives, such as cornstarch, soy protein, , magnesium oxychloride, and aluminophosphate, have attracted extensive attention owing to them being formaldehyde-free, nontoxic, having rich sources, and so forth. However, the use of such adhesives is also limited by the poor fungal resistance, complicated fabrication process, and weak wet bonding strength …”

“…3−6 One of the key challenges in a bamboo-based board is the release of a carcinogenic substance from formaldehyde-based adhesives widely used in the wood industry. 7−9 Nonformaldehyde-based adhesives, such as cornstarch, 10 soy protein, 11,12 magnesium oxychloride, 13 and aluminophosphate, 14 have attracted extensive attention owing to them being formaldehyde-free, nontoxic, having rich sources, and so forth. However, the use of such adhesives is also limited by the poor fungal resistance, complicated fabrication process, and weak wet bonding strength.…”