Oxide morphology and adhesive bonding on titanium surfaces

Assefpour-Dezfuly, M.; Vlachos, Christos; Andrews, E. H.

doi:10.1007/bf02396935

Cited by 146 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Among different nanostructuring techniques, electrochemical anodization has gained large attention in the last decades for fabricating nanopore, nanochannel and nanotube layers of various metal oxides [33][34][35][36][37]. This simple approach is based on the anodization of a metal piece in a suitable electrolyte-the result is that under adequate (i.e., self-organizing) electrochemical conditions highly-ordered vertically-aligned arrays of 1D metal oxide nanostructures can be grown on the (conductive) metal substrate.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Supercapacitive Behaviour of Anodic Porous WO3-Based Negative Electrodes

Upadhyay

Altomare

Eugénio

et al. 2017

Electrochimica Acta

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Keywords: electrochemical anodization WO 3 nanostructure phosphoric acid supercapacitor energy storage A B S T R A C T Herein we illustrate the functionality as pseudocapacitive material of tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ) nanochannel layers fabricated by electrochemical anodization of W metal in pure hot ortho-phosphoric acid (o-H 3 PO 4 ). These layers are characterized by a defined nanochannel morphology and show remarkable pseudocapacitive behaviour in the negative potential (À0.8-0.5 V) in neutral aqueous electrolyte (1 M Na 2 SO 4 ). The maximum volumetric capacitance of 397 F cm À3 is obtained at 2 A cm À3. The WO 3 nanochannel layers display full capacitance retention (up to 114%) after 3500 charge-discharge cycles performed at 10 A cm À3 . The relatively high capacitance and retention ability are attributed to the high surface area provided by the regular and defined nanochannel morphology. Kinetic analysis of the electrochemical results for the best performing WO 3 structures, i.e., grown by 2 h-long anodization, reveals the occurrence of pseudocapacitance and diffusional controlled processes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements show for the same structures a relatively low electrical resistance, which is the plausible cause for the superior electrochemical behaviour compared to the other structures.

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Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Supercapacitive Behaviour of Anodic Porous WO3-Based Negative Electrodes

Upadhyay

Altomare

Eugénio

et al. 2017

Electrochimica Acta

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“…Since their introduction [1,2], TiO 2 nanotube layers produced by anodization of Ti have attracted wide interest due to their application in various fields, such as dye-sensitized solar cells [3][4][5][6][7], sensors [8][9][10] or photocatalysis [11][12][13]. Overviews about applications are also given in several review articles [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-organized Anodic TiO2 Nanotube Layers: Influence of the Ti substrate on Nanotube Growth and Dimensions

Sopha

Jäger

Knotek

et al. 2016

Electrochimica Acta

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In this contribution, various Ti thin substrates were explored and compared for the anodic growth of self-organized TiO 2 nanotube layers for the first time. In order to evaluate differences in the electrochemical anodization characteristics and the tube dimensions, five different Ti substrates from four established suppliers were anodized in the widely used ethylene glycol electrolytes containing 88 mM NH 4 F and 1,5 vol.% water. Two anodizations were carried out to elucidate an influence of the pre-anodized substrates used for the second anodization. By thorough evaluation of the nanotube dimensions, large variations between the dimensions of the nanotubes were found for the different substrates, ranging from ~32 µm to ~50 µm for the nanotube length and from ~109 nm to ~127 nm for the nanotube diameter after the second anodization. Upon AFM measurements, Goodfellow Ti substrates (99.99 % purity), yielded the smoothest surface and the highest degree of ordering from all substrates.Moreover, considerably different consumption of Ti substrates via anodization was revealed by profilometric measurements between the original non-anodized part of the Ti substrates, and the anodized part after the removal of the nanotube layer. Orientation imaging 2 microscopy revealed considerable differences in the size and orientation of the substrate grains.

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“…First reports on self-ordered TiO 2 nanotube formation date back to 1984 and work by AssefpourDezfuly [36] and later by Zwilling in 1999 [37] who described that the use of dilute fluoride electrolytes in anodization of titanium can to lead to self-organizing oxide growth. Nevertheless, this first generation of nanotubes (including later works by Grimes [38] or Beranek [39]) used acidic, 2 aqueous electrolytes, and led to tubes that showed considerable inhomogeneity in ordering, rough walls, and a tube length limited to < 1 μm.…”

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confidence: 99%

Anodic TiO2 nanotube layers: Why does self-organized growth occur—A mini review

Zhou

Nguyen

Özkan

et al. 2014

Electrochemistry Communications

169

138

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The present review gives an overview of the highlights of more than 10 years of research on synthesis and applications of ordered oxide structures (nanotube layers, hexagonal pore arrangements) that are formed by self-organizing anodization of metals. In particular we address the questions after the critical factors that lead to the spectacular self-ordering during the growth of anodic oxides that finally yield morphologies such as highly ordered TiO 2 nanotube arrays and similar structures. Why are tubes and pores formed -what are the key parameters controlling these processes?Link to the published article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2014.06.021 1 Over the past decade, the formation and application of anodic, self-organized TiO 2 nanotube arrays grown from a Ti metal (as illustrated in Fig.1) and similar oxide structures have attracted wide scientific and technological interest [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Self-organization during anodization has been observed already more than 70 years ago for aluminum that, when anodized in acidic electrolytes, forms hexagonally ordered porous structures [8] -such ordering can peak in a virtually perfect arrangement, as demonstrated by Masuda et al. in 1995 [9], by a meticulous optimization of the electrochemical growth conditions. These alumina structures since then have been widely used for templating (i.e., to fill the pores by a secondary material to form nanorods or nanowires, in combination with stripping the template or not), as well as for numerous other applications -excellent overviews on growth and applications of porous alumina are available; see e.g. refs. [2][3][4]10,11].In the past few years, however, research activities on ordered TiO 2 nanotube layers have in numbers of paper-output surpassed porous alumina; in the past decade, more than three thousand papers have been published dedicated to anodic TiO 2 nanotubes [1,[5][6][7]. The main reason for this enormous interest is the anticipated impact of such nanotube layers in functional applications of titanium dioxide; such as dye sensitized solar cells [12][13][14][15], photocatalysis [16,17] (including water splitting for the generation of hydrogen, pollution degradation, or the reduction of CO 2 ), biomedicine [18][19][20] (biomedical coatings of implants, drug delivery systems), ion-insertion batteries, electrochromics, etc. [21][22][23][24] These applications are, to a large extent, based on a number of almost unique features of TiO 2 [1,[25][26][27][28]: it is a semiconductor of a band-gap of 3.0 eV (rutile) -3.2 eV (anatase), with a considerably large electron diffusion length (mainly anatase), relative band-edge positions suitable to trigger a wide range of photocatalytic reactions; the material is highly biocompatible, and shows considerably good ion intercalation properties. Many of these features can be exploited in a nanotubular form even more beneficially than in powder assemblies (e.g. directional charge transport, orthogonal carrier separation, optimized and directional diffusion profile...

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Oxide morphology and adhesive bonding on titanium surfaces

Cited by 146 publications

References 7 publications

On the Supercapacitive Behaviour of Anodic Porous WO3-Based Negative Electrodes

On the Supercapacitive Behaviour of Anodic Porous WO3-Based Negative Electrodes

Self-organized Anodic TiO2 Nanotube Layers: Influence of the Ti substrate on Nanotube Growth and Dimensions

Anodic TiO2 nanotube layers: Why does self-organized growth occur—A mini review

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