Oxidative Stress-Protective and Anti-Melanogenic Effects of Loliolide and Ethanol Extract from Fresh Water Green Algae, Prasiola japonica

Abstract

Loliolide is a monoterpenoid hydroxylactone found in many algae, including fresh water green algae, Prasiola japonica. To date, loliolide and compounds in P. japonica have not been studied systematically with respect to skin pharmacology. In this study, we investigated oxidative stress-protective and anti-melanogenic effects of loliolide and P. japonica ethanol extract (Pj-EE), known to contain loliolide, in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells and mouse melanoma (B16F10) cells. Loliolide suppressed the transcription of genes encoding matrix metalloproteinases (MMPS), which were induced in HaCaT cells by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment. Loliolide and Pj-EE not only reduced the melanin secretion and content in B16F10 cells but also increased the expression of the antioxidant proteins nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in HaCaT cells subjected to H2O2 treatment. Furthermore, loliolide and Pj-EE decreased expression of the anti-melanogenic protein microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase in B16F10 cells subjected to α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) treatment. Our findings demonstrate that loliolide and Pj-EE have antioxidant and anti-melanogenic effects on skin.

Consumption of Terpenoids-Rich Padina pavonia Extract Attenuates Hyperglycemia, Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress, and Upregulates PPARγ in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes

“…However, studies scrutinizing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the isolated terpenes are scarce. For instance, loliolide has been recently reported to suppress oxidative stress and increase the expression of heme oxygenase-1 in H 2 O 2 -induced HaCaT cells [96].…”

Loliolide Presents Antiapoptosis and Antiscratching Effects in Human Keratinocytes

“…For this reason, research with photoprotective compounds that can confer protection against ROS-induced cell death has become important today. As we showed in our previous study, loliolide exhibited a strong antioxidant activity [25]; since antioxidant compounds often exhibit photoprotective activity as well, in this research, we wanted to determine whether loliolide also had a photoprotective effect. Loliolide, apart from showing no cytotoxic effects in concentrations of up to 100 µg/mL (Figure 2a), showed promising photoprotective activity, since it increased cell survival when subjected to UVB radiation (Figure 2b).…”

“…Loliolide (Figure 1) is an active ingredient in green algae that has been shown to have antioxidant, cellular protection [22,23] anticancer [24], and cell senescence inhibition [24] activities. In our previous study, we also showed that loliolide demonstrates important antioxidant and antimelanogenic activity, suggesting its potential as a treatment for skin diseases [25]; however, research related to its effects on UV-damaged skin is still lacking [26]. Prasiola japonica ethanol extract (Pj–EE) is a loliolide-rich source that has also been shown to possess antioxidant activity [27].…”

Natural Nrf2 Modulators for Skin Protection

“…Loliolide, a monoterpenoid hydroxylactone contained in Prasiola japonica , suppressed gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases ( MMP s), Nrf2 , and HO-1 in HaCaT Keratinocytes stimulated by H 2 O 2 [ 88 ].…”

“… Terpenoid compounds activating the Nrf2-mediated pathway [ 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 ]. …”