Oxidative stress-mediated hemolytic activity of solvent exchange-prepared fullerene (C₆₀) nanoparticles

Abstract

The present study investigated the hemolytic properties of fullerene (C(60)) nanoparticles prepared by solvent exchange using tetrahydrofuran (nC(60)THF), or by mechanochemically assisted complexation with macrocyclic oligosaccharide gamma-cyclodextrin (nC(60)CDX) or the copolymer ethylene vinyl acetate-ethylene vinyl versatate (nC(60)EVA-EVV). The spectrophotometrical analysis of hemoglobin release revealed that only nC(60)THF, but not nC(60)CDX or nC(60)EVA-EVV, was able to cause lysis of human erythrocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Atomic force microscopy revealed that nC(60)THF-mediated hemolysis was preceded by erythrocyte shrinkage and increase in cell surface roughness. A flow cytometric analysis confirmed a decrease in erythrocyte size and demonstrated a significant increase in reactive oxygen species production in red blood cells exposed to nC(60)THF. The nC(60)THF-triggered hemolytic activity was efficiently reduced by the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and butylated hydroxyanisole, as well as by serum albumin, the most abundant protein in human blood plasma. These data indicate that nC(60)THF can cause serum albumin-preventable hemolysis through oxidative stress-mediated damage of the erythrocyte membrane.

Effect of microwave and probe sonication processes on sol–gel‐derived bioactive glass and its structural and biocompatible investigations

“…Trpkovic et al illustrated that hemotoxicity varied depending on dose, enormous nanoparticles initiate oxidative stress in the biological environment, due to that RBC membrane can possibly rupture. BG generates oxidative stress, which induces the lysis in erythrocytes.…”

Comparative effects of macro-sized aluminum oxide and aluminum oxide nanoparticles on erythrocyte hemolysis: influence of cell source, temperature, and size

“…Albumin could prevent the interaction of nanoparticles with erythrocytes and subsequent damage to their membrane (Trpkovic et al 2010). …”

Effect of C60 fullerene on viscoelastic properties of human erythrocytes membrane

“…[19] показано, що С 60 -фулерен у концентрації 7 мкмоль/л викликає гемоліз еритроцитів людини. Водночас інші автори [20] не виявили безпосередньої пошкоджувальної дії на клітини. Він легко проникає у модельні ліпідні мембрани, причому час проникнення складає близько 1 нс, та локалізується у ділянці фосфоліпідних «хвостів» [7,17].…”