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Multifunctional bioactive hydrogel ECM like membrane for 3D dynamic tissue/disease modelling.

Bioglass (BG) was prepared by sol-gel method and the role of sintering temperatures (600, 700 and 800°C) on crystalline phase changes, bioactivity, erythrocyte and MG-63 cell line compatibility was investigated. Increase in sintering temperature from 600 to 800°C led to the secondary phase formation that was confirmed through structural analysis. Micrographics revealed the formation of nanorods (700°C) and nanoflake like (800°C) morphologies. Biocompatibility assay showed that, BG sintered at 600°C had optimal biocompatibility while better mechanical property was noted at 700°C. Altogether, the study demonstrated that increasing the sintering temperature will result in increased crystallinity which in turn resulted in the optimal biomineralization but decreased the biocompatibility. Hence, we demonstrated the importance of temperature during the processing of BG for various applications, as it affects many properties including bioactivity and compatibility.

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This study is to investigate the effect of synthesis approaches on morphology, porosity, and biocompatibility of bioactive glass (BG). BG prepared through sol–gel approach was subsequently subjected to microwave and probe sonication techniques to investigate the structural and morphological effect. Hexagonal rod‐shaped morphology was obtained in sol–gel‐derived bioactive glass, whereas mesoporous particles and spherical‐shaped morphology were observed in probe‐sonicated and microwave‐assisted sol–gel approaches, respectively. The probe‐sonicated BG has mesopores with pore diameter of 14.7 nm, whereas surface porosity of 1.5 nm, and 3.5 nm for pure sol–gel and microwave‐assisted sol–gel fabricated BGs. Granular size, shape, and porosity have a significant role at the point of contact with cellular membrane. Therefore, we studied the biocompatibility with respect to morphology and porosity of the fabricated BGs. From this study, we observed that the BG prepared using probe sonication method controls the particle size, further it enhances the porosity that altogether improves the biocompatibility. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 108B:143–155, 2020.

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This study identifies the role and significance of heat treatment parameters on blood compatibility and hemostatic performances. Bioactive nanomaterials step annealed at 550 and 600°C enhances the biocompatibility due to the liberation of nitrate content. This also develops the anisotropic structures such as needle‐like and rod‐like appearances that positively improve the erythrocyte compatibility. Different stable crystalline phases such as NaCaPO4, Na2Ca2Si3O9, and Na1.8Ca1.1Si6O14 were observed for all the bioactive materials, whereas in the case of 800°C, phase transition of Na3CaPSiO7 was perceived along with P2O5. Alternatively, morphology varied from cubical (600°C) to rod‐like (step annealing) and further turned toward flake‐like (800°C) structures. Step‐annealing process decomposed the nitrate groups as well as maintained the glass network without altering the crystalline phases. As a result, bioactive nanomaterials subjected to step annealing at 550°C along with 600°C exhibited superior compatibility with erythrocytes. Bioglass heat treated at 800°C revealed incredible blood clotting efficacy, in which Ca2+ ions initiated the thrombotic effect, blood components were concentrated due to the effect of calcium, and enhances the hemostatic performance. Bioactive glass annealed below 800°C facilitates the biocompatibility, subsequently encourage bone ingrowths at in vivo. Bioglass‐800°C inspired the fibrin formation and induced clot as a hemostat to control hemorrhage.