Oxidative Stress Levels in Exhaled Breath Condensate Associated With COPD and Smoking

Abstract

BACKGROUND: COPD is characterized by chronic air-flow limitation. Smoking is the most important factor in the pathogenesis of COPD. Smoking is associated with increased oxidative stress in the lungs. In this study our aim was to evaluate the differences in the burden of oxidative stress in patients with COPD, smokers, and non-smokers by measuring hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-isoprostane levels in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples. METHODS: Eighty subjects were included in the study. Group I (no. ‫؍‬ 25) had COPD, Group II (no. ‫؍‬ 26) was smokers, and Group III (no. ‫؍‬ 29) was nonsmokers. The severity of the COPD and dyspnea was assessed according to the results of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and Medical Research Council (MRC) scale. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 58 ؎ 8.9 years. While 8-isoprostane and H 2 O 2 levels were significantly higher in subjects with COPD (44.8 ؎ 40.2 pg/mL and 1.9 ؎ 0.8 mol/L) and smokers (41.3 ؎ 26 pg/mL and 1.7 ؎ 0.7 mol/L) than non-smokers (15.8 ؎ 6.9 pg/mL and 0.8 ؎ 0.4 mol/L), levels were similar between smokers and COPD subjects. MDA levels were similar between the 3 groups (P ‫؍‬ .31). There was no correlation between 8-isoprostane and H 2 O 2 levels and PFT parameters. There was a significant positive correlation between dyspnea grade on the MRC scale and 8-isoprostane levels (r ‫؍‬ 0.805, P < .001). CON-CLUSIONS: Even if respiratory function tests are within normal limits, oxidant burden in lungs of smokers is equivalent to that in COPD patients. 8-isoprostane could be useful in assessing symptom severity and health status of COPD patients.

Incapacity, Handicap, and Oxidative Stress Markers of Male Smokers With and Without COPD

“…Smokers must have stopped smoking for Ն6 h, [15][16][17][18] and they were asked to fast (no eating or drinking) for Ն10 h before coming to the hospital. 3 Smokers were asked not to participate in strenuous activity for 1 h before the fractional exhaled nitric oxide (F ENO ) measurements and 6MWT.…”

“…9 An Arabic translation, but not validated, version of this questionnaire was applied. The SGRQ, self-administrated at the laboratory on the day of the 6MWT, is an airway disease-specific questionnaire divided into 3 subscales: symptoms, activity, and impacts (8,16, and 26 items, respectively). Scores were calculated using score calculation algorithms.…”

“…In the present study, incapacity, handicap, and oxidative data of 2 groups (non-COPD and COPD smokers) were compared. Other studies have included 3 groups (COPD smokers, healthy smokers, and healthy non-smokers 16 or active and passive smokers and non-smokers 38 ). However, taking 3 groups into a single study seems to have little precedent in the literature and raises some questions, such as whether the prevalence of some clinical data (obesity, physical activity status, schooling level, socioeconomic level, clinical and pathological data) in the 3 groups is comparable.…”

Oxidative stress markers in infectious respiratory diseases: current clinical practice

“…It has been shown that in respiratory diseases several oxidative stress markers are measured in exhaled breath condensate, a technique that is simple and noninvasive. 104,112,113 It has been mentioned that some of the samples e.g. sputum, exhaled breath condensate and biopsies are local and as in measurement of metabolites, blood distributes oxidants and anti-oxidants in the body hence blood samples are useful as this is indicative of the body status in general.…”

Sensitive and selective chemiluminescence assay for hydrogen peroxide in exhaled breath condensate using nanoparticle-based catalysis

“…The measurement of H 2 O 2 in EBC is a new promising noninvasive technique with no underlying disease and would be valuable in the early diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory diseases [1][2][3][4][5].…”