Oxidative Stress in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Systematic Review

Abstract

cepted that free radicals play a role in carcinogenesis and that BPH should be considered a premalignant condition which may evolve into prostate cancer. High OS parameters and low antioxidant activity are more prominent in prostate cancer patients compared with BPH and controls. Conclusions: Further studies are needed to clarify the potential role of antioxidants in BPH also in view of preventing the progression to prostate cancer. IntroductionBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent and chronic progressive disease that may be correctly defined as prostate gland enlargement secondary to hyperproliferation of stromal and glandular cells, with predominance of mesenchymal cells [1] . It is an extremely common disease of ageing men and carries a distressingly high morbidity because of its irritative and obstructive symptoms. The etiology and pathogenesis of BPH are not well understood [2] . Key WordsAntioxidants · Benign prostatic hyperplasia · Oxidative stress Abstract Background: Several parameters including inflammatory mediators, hormones, dietary factors, inflammatory genes, and oxidative stress (OS) have been considered to play a role in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Prostate tissue damage and OS may lead to compensatory cellular proliferation with resulting hyperplastic growth. Methods: We searched MEDLINE for articles in English published up to March 2014 using the key words 'oxidative stress', 'antioxidants' and 'benign prostatic hyperplasia'. Results: Prostatic inflammation can cause the generation of free radicals. The extent of oxidative damage can be exacerbated by a decreased efficiency of antioxidant defense mechanisms. The balance between OS and the antioxidant component also has a role in developing prostate disease. Several works show the role of oxidant products and of depletion of antioxidant substances in BPH patients. It is ac-

Beneficial Effect of a Multifunctional Polyphytocompound in Experimental Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats

“…While the hormonal factor does represent a relevant pathophysiological variable of BPH occurrence and related drugs have been synthesized accordingly, several mechanisms have been advocated for its development. These include, among others, tissue and intracellular redox unbalance [30,31]. Indeed it is well known that human prostate tissue has a peculiar vulnerability to oxidative DNA damage due to more rapid cell turnover and also to the low activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase and increased endogenous levels of DNA base products, these two variables having being reported as to be inversely correlated in in BPH samples has received further recent confirmations [32].…”

Oxidative stress parameters in patients with prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia and asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis: A prospective controlled study

“…1 In relation to the prostate, there is plenty of data regarding the relationship between ROS species, OS and age-related pathologies, such as PCa, BPH and AIP. [1][2][3] In our prospective controlled study, we aimed to investigated the OS parameters in patients with PCa, BPH and AIP, and compared the results with a control group. All the patients were diagnosed according to the histopathologic examination of transrectal ultrasonographic (TRUS) prostate biopsy (Bx) and transurethral prostate resection (TURP) specimens.…”

“…1,2 In the last years, a relationship between prostatic inflammation and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has also been suggested. 3 Conversely, there is a paucity of data regarding the OS parameters in the asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis (AIP) patients.…”

Dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis before and after radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate cancer

“…The relation between oxidative stress and prostate diseases such as benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), prostate inflammation and prostate cancer has been investigated in various studies [6,11]. No study has been performed so far to elucidate the dynamic of thiol/disulphide levels in blood of PC patients.…”

“…The structure and activity of oxidized proteins and biomolecules change markedly in comparison to their native forms. Oxidative modification of DNA and proteins may affect a variety of cellular functions, and cause cell damage and death or mutations and carcinogenesis [5,6]. Thiols are essential and potent anti-oxidant molecules containing a functional sulfhydryl group protecting organism against the harmful effects of oxidative stress damage.…”