Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Pathologies: From an Adipocentric Point of View

Abstract

Oxidative stress plays a pathological role in the development of various diseases including diabetes, atherosclerosis, or cancer. Systemic oxidative stress results from an imbalance between oxidants derivatives production and antioxidants defenses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generally considered to be detrimental for health. However, evidences have been provided that they can act as second messengers in adaptative responses to stress. Obesity represents a major risk factor for deleterious associated pathologies such as type 2 diabetes, liver, and coronary heart diseases. Many evidences regarding obesity-induced oxidative stress accumulated over the past few years based on established correlations of biomarkers or end-products of free-radical-mediated oxidative stress with body mass index. The hypothesis that oxidative stress plays a significant role in the development of metabolic disorders, especially insulin-resistance state, is supported by several studies where treatments reducing ROS production reverse metabolic alterations, notably through improvement of insulin sensitivity, hyperlipidemia, or hepatic steatosis. In this review, we will develop the mechanistic links between oxidative stress generated by adipose tissue in the context of obesity and its impact on metabolic complications development. We will also attempt to discuss potential therapeutic approaches targeting obesity-associated oxidative stress in order to prevent associated-metabolic complications.

Hypolipidemic effect of aqueous leaf extract of carmona microphylla G Don

“…Living tissues are endowed with innate antioxidant defense mechanisms, including the SOD, which is involved in the disposal of superoxides and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). A reduction in the activity of SOD is associated with the accumulation of highly reactive free radicals, which leads to deleterious effects such as loss of integrity and function of cell membranes [24]. In the present study, the activity of SOD in hepatic tissue samples from hyperlipidemia-induced, distilled water-treated mice was significantly lower than that of normal control mice.…”

The role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in adipose tissue inflammation in obesity

“…However, oxidative stress accumulates as a result of excessive production and/or inadequate removal of ROS in various pathological conditions including obesity. 10,16 As a cofactor and electron donor, NADPH is involved in many key metabolic processes including glycolysis, oxidative respiration, reductive biosynthesis of lipids and redox control (Fig. 1).…”

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Nutrition as a mediator of oxidative stress in metabolic and reproductive disorders in women

“…Oxidative metabolism and ROS production are major players in adipose tissue function (69). There are different sources of intracellular ROS in adipocytes.…”