Oxidative stress and cellular immunity in patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers

Abstract

Recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) is an inflammatory condition of the oral mucosa characterized by painful, well-circumscribed, single or multiple round or ovoid ulcerations. The exact etiologic factor(s) of these ulcerations are not yet understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate inflammatory processes and free radical metabolism of 25 patients with RAUs compared to 25 healthy controls. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-10, and IL-12 were determined by ELISA. Nitric oxide (NO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), total antioxidant status (TAS), and total oxidant status (TOS) levels were measured spectroscopically in serum. The levels of MDA, GSH, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-12, MPO, and TOS, and oxidative stress index (OSI) were higher, and the levels of NO, IL-10, and TAS were lower in patients with RAU than in controls. Statistical analysis showed that GSH, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-10, and OSI differed significantly in patients with RAU compared to controls. These parameters have important roles in oxidant/antioxidant defense.

Gastroprotective activity of Annona muricata leaves against ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats via Hsp70/Bax involvement

“…Cellular antioxidants maintain ROS at their physiological levels to attenuate tissue damages. The higher level of GSH was found to minimize oxidative damages 60. By converting into glutathione disulfide; this tripeptide with thiol groups reduces cellular ROS 61.…”

Subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis

“…Increased levels of IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐8, and TNF‐ α in peripheral blood in patients with RAS have been reported. TNF‐ α is a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils, leading to acute inflammation (Sun et al , ; Avci et al , ).…”

Análise da expressão gênica do FOXP3, MIP-3? e Interleucinas 2, 10 e 35 em pacientes com ulceração aftosa recorrente

“…Diversas citocinas e quimiocinas foram objeto de estudo em pacientes com UAR (Taylor et al, 1992;Buño et al, 1998;Natah et al, 2000;Sun et al, 2000;Sun et al, 2004;Borra et al, 2004;Lewkowicz et al, 2005;Boras et al, 2006;Dalghous et al, 2006;Albanidou-Farmaki et al, 2007;Miyamoto et al, 2008;Eguia-del Valle et al, 2011;Gallo et al, 2012;Pekiner et al, 2012;Avci et al, 2014;Ozyurt et al, 2014), o que vem permitindo esclarecimento progressivo dos mecanismos 53 envolvidos na progressão dos eventos inflamatórios nas UAR.…”

“…Outros estudos que investigaram a IL-10 na UAR observaram a diminuição no nível desta (Buno et al, 1998;Lewkowicz et al, 2005;Miyamoto et al, 2008;Avci et al, 2014 Paradoxalmente, vários trabalhos detectaram elevados níveis de IL-2 em pacientes UAR em relação a pacientes controles (Buño et al, 1998;Sun et al, 2000;Lewkowicz et al, 2005;Albanidou-Farmaki et al, 2007;Avci et al, 2014), entretanto apenas Buño et al, 1998 avaliaram, de maneira semelhante ao presente estudo, a expressão gênica da IL-2 em amostras de tecido proveniente de biópsias com a metodologia de RT-PCR convencional, que apresenta a desvantagem já abordada anteriormente.…”

“…De maneira geral, a maioria das investigações se utilizou de células do sangue periférico, avaliando a produção de IL-2 in vitro em culturas estimuladas (Lewkowicz et al, 2005;Albanidou-Farmaki et al, 2007) ou os níveis séricos da mesma (Pekiner et al, 2012;Avci et al, 2014). Num destes últimos estudos, não foram observadas diferenças nos níveis séricos de IL-2 entre pacientes UAR, doença de Behçet e controles saudáveis (Pekiner et al, 2012).…”