Oxidative stress and adverse cardiovascular effects among professional divers in Egypt

Salah, Hanie; El-Gazzar, Ragaa M.; El‐Wahab, Ekram W. Abd; Charl, Fahmy

doi:10.1080/15459624.2023.2173364

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…However, these individuals are also exposed to elevated atmospheric pressure and low temperatures while underwater, and breath-hold sessions are repeated multiple times within a relatively short period. As a result, there is a high risk of disrupting adaptive mechanisms, inducing oxidative stress [195], and developing decompression illness, which leads to ischemic brain injuries [194,196]. This may also be attributed to psychosocial stress, which induces hyperventilation and hypocapnia in divers.…”

Section: Future Directions and Potential For Clinical Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroprotection after the Intermittent Exposures of Hypercapnic Hypoxia

Tregub,

Kulikov,

Ibrahimli

et al. 2024

IJMS

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The review introduces the stages of formation and experimental confirmation of the hypothesis regarding the mutual potentiation of neuroprotective effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia during their combined influence (hypercapnic hypoxia). The main focus is on the mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the formation of ischemic tolerance in the brain during intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia. Importantly, the combined effect of hypoxia and hypercapnia exerts a more pronounced neuroprotective effect compared to their separate application. Some signaling systems are associated with the predominance of the hypoxic stimulus (HIF-1α, A1 receptors), while others (NF-κB, antioxidant activity, inhibition of apoptosis, maintenance of selective blood–brain barrier permeability) are mainly modulated by hypercapnia. Most of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the formation of brain tolerance to ischemia are due to the contribution of both excess carbon dioxide and oxygen deficiency (ATP-dependent potassium channels, chaperones, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial metabolism reprogramming). Overall, experimental studies indicate the dominance of hypercapnia in the neuroprotective effect of its combined action with hypoxia. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of hypercapnic–hypoxic training in the treatment of childhood cerebral palsy and diabetic polyneuropathy in children. Combining hypercapnic hypoxia with pharmacological modulators of neuro/cardio/cytoprotection signaling pathways is likely to be promising for translating experimental research into clinical medicine.

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Section: Future Directions and Potential For Clinical Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%