Oxidative steam reforming of ethanol over a Pt/Al2O3 catalyst in a Pd-based membrane reactor

Pressure effect in ethanol steam reforming via dense Pd-based membranes

“…Such an effect can be maximized when a membrane with a high selectivity and permeability is used: this is the case of thin wall Pd-Ag permeators which are dense Pd-based tubes exhibiting infinite selectivity and high hydrogen permeation fluxes [21,22]. These tubes have been tested for different reforming reactions by verifying the production of pure hydrogen and by attaining high reaction conversions [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. However, these dense self-supported Pd-Ag permeators because of their thin wall (50-60 m) cannot withstand trans-membrane differential pressures higher than 200-250 kPa.…”

Pd-based membrane reactors for producing ultra pure hydrogen: Oxidative reforming of bio-ethanol

“…Before entering the membrane lumen, the liquid feed stream has been vaporized, added with air in order to obtain an ethanol/oxygen feed molar ratio of 2/1and then fed into the membrane lumen over the catalyst bed: details of the experimental setup are reported in a previous work [33]. The stream leaving the membrane lumen (retentate) has been sent into a condenser in order to remove the liquid phase before going to the gas chromatographic analysis.…”

“…The formation of carbon deposits can be controlled by using water excess, too. In previous works, both ethanol steam and oxidative reforming has been carried out in thin PdeAg tubes with water/ethanol feed ratios up to 13/1 [27,33].…”

Steam reforming on reactive carbon nanotube membranes

“…Depending on the initial fuel, and thus its thermal stability, the operational temperatures to reach appreciable conversion can range from about 300 8C (methanol) [16] up to 700 8C and above for more thermally stable molecules such as CH 4 [17]. A plethora of catalysts has been in use to make this transformation as smooth as possible: Pd [18,19], Pt [20,21], Rh [22,23], Ru [24,25], Cu [26,27], Co [28,29] or Ni [30][31][32]. Ni remains the primary choice because of the tradeoff between its relatively low cost and the performance it offers.…”