Oxidative Profile and δ-Aminolevulinate Dehydratase Activity in Healthy Pregnant Women with Iron Supplementation

Abstract

An oxidative burst occurs during pregnancy due to the large consumption of oxygen in the tissues and an increase in metabolic demands in response to maternal physiological changes and fetal growth. This study aimed to determine the oxidative profile and activity of δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) in pregnant women who received iron supplementation. Oxidative stress parameters were evaluated in 25 pregnant women with iron supplementation, 25 pregnant women without supplementation and 25 non-pregnant women. The following oxidative stress parameters were evaluated: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein thiol groups (P-SH), non-protein thiol levels (NP-SH), vitamin C levels, catalase and δ-ALA-D activity. Markers of oxidative stress and cell damage, such as TBARS in plasma were significantly higher in pregnant women without supplementation. Levels of P-SH, NP-SH and δ-ALA-D activity were significantly lower in pregnant women without supplementation compared to non-pregnant and pregnant women with supplementation, while vitamin C levels were significantly lower in pregnant women without supplementation when compared to non-pregnant women. The increase in the generation of oxidative species and decrease of antioxidants suggest the loss of physiological oxidative balance during normal pregnancy, which was not observed in pregnant women with iron supplementation, suggesting a protective effect of iron against oxidative damage.

Activated neuro-oxidative and neuro-nitrosative pathways at the end of term are associated with inflammation and physio-somatic and depression symptoms, while predicting outcome characteristics in mother and baby

“…The first major finding of this study is that pregnancy is accompanied by highly significant changes in O & NS as indicated by increased AOPP and NOx and lowered TRAP and -SH levels findings, which are in agreement with previous reports (Choi et al, 2002;De Lucca et al, 2016;Fialová et al, 2003;Kalousová et al, 2002;Salas-Pacheco et al, 2016). In normal pregnancy, there is an increase in Table 2 Results of multivariate GLM analyses with the 7 oxidative and nitrosative stress and antioxidant biomarkers as dependent variables and pregnancy, clinical depression diagnoses, age and PON1 genotypes as explanatory variables.…”

“…Pregnancy is accompanied not only by increased immune activation (Anderson and Maes, 2013) and consequent TRYCAT pathway activation (Anderson and Maes, 2013), but also O & NS as indicated by increased lipid peroxides (Patil et al, 2006;Walsh, 1994), production of NO metabolites (NOx) (Choi et al, 2002) and AOPP levels (Fialová et al, 2003;Kalousová et al, 2002). Antioxidant defenses are lowered during pregnancy as indicated by lowered PON1 (Rojekar and Mogarekar, 2015), TRAP (Salas-Pacheco et al, 2016), -SH (De Lucca et al, 2016) and zinc (Ma et al, 2015;Nossier et al, 2015;Tabrizi and Pakdel, 2014) levels as well as other antioxidants (Salas-Pacheco et al, 2016). Increased peripheral inflammation and O & NS have been demonstrated to be associated with various obstetric complications, including preeclampsia (Kirbas et al, 2016;Ma et al, 2015;Nossier et al, 2015), glucose intolerance (Zein et al, 2016), miscarriage, fetal anomaly and growth restriction and preterm labor (Duhig et al, 2016;Mukhopadhyay et al, 2015).…”

Characteristics of health behaviours and health status indicators among pregnant women in Slovenia

“…These changes represent a physiological challenge as they impose stress to the organism as a whole. Increase in oxygen demands, even during a normal pregnancy, is associated with an increased generation of reactive oxygen species, which have been linked to various diseases (33). Furthermore, some pre-existing chronic diseases are known to worsen during pregnancy.…”