Oxidative metabolism and PGC-1β attenuate macrophage-mediated inflammation

The many faces of PPARγ: Anti-inflammatory by any means?

“…Little is known about PPARg expression in these different macrophages and the influence of changing inflammatory milieu on receptor expression and activity is also elusive. Nevertheless, there are a few reports that the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 can induce PPARg expression through STAT6 Vats et al, 2006). Recently, PPARg has been reported to promote alternative activation of macrophages, a process mediated by IL-4.…”

Inhibiting epigenetic enzymes to improve atherogenic macrophage functions

“…Inhibition of glycolysis or OXPHOS hamper M1 or M2 activation, respectively [18,19]. To assess whether inhibition of CME affects cellular metabolism, we performed a metabolic flux analysis and determined the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) as a measure of OXPHOS, and extra-cellular acidification rate (ECAR) as a measure of glycolysis.…”

PGC-1: The Energetic Regulator in Cardiac Metabolism

“…Changes in PGC-1β expression have been observed in differentiating osteoclasts, whereas the PRC level changes with cell cycle progression (Andersson et al, 2001;Vercauteren et al, 2009;Wei et al, 2010). Recent studies have demonstrated that interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) activate the PGC-1β promoter via signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) and STAT6, respectively (Vats et al, 2006;Sonoda et al, 2007). Similar to PGC-1α, PGC-1β has recently been demonstrated to be negatively regulated by acetylation (Kelly et al, 2009).…”