Oxidative Dry‐Reforming of Biogas: Reactor Design and SOFC System Integration

Jahn, Matthias; Heddrich, Marc P.; Weder, Aniko; Reichelt, Erik; Lange, Rüdiger

doi:10.1002/ente.201200007

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The anaerobic fermentation of biomass, wastes, and other organic residues generates methane and carbon dioxide, biogas, whose composition depends on the biomass used and the operating conditions. Apart from methane and CO 2 , nitrogen, H 2 S, and NH 3 are produced. ,, On the basis of these facts, for the sake of simplification, we assume that biogas is mainly methane, CO 2 , H 2 S, NH 3 , and N 2 . The first stage consists of removing H 2 S. A bed of Fe 2 O 3 operating at 298–373 K is used.…”

Section: Process Design Method: Modeling Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Process Operation for Biogas Reforming to Methanol: Effects of Dry Reforming and Biogas Composition

Hernández

Martı́n

2016

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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We optimized the operation of the process that reforms biogas with CO 2 and/or steam for the production of methanol using a mathematical optimization approach. The raw biogas is cleaned up before reforming. Part of the biogas is used to provide energy for the process. Next, the unreacted hydrocarbons and CO 2 are removed. Subsequently, syngas composition may be adjusted, using either water gas shift reaction or membrane-pressure swift adsorption. Finally, methanol is synthesized. The process is modeled using mass and energy balances, chemical and phase equilibria, and rules of thumb. The problem is formulated as an NLP problem with simultaneous heat integration for the optimal biogas composition and methanol production. Two objective functions are considered: a simplified production cost and an environmental one developed based on carbon footprint. Biogas is expected to have around 50−52% of CH 4 and 45−47% of CO 2 , depending on the objective function. The production cost of methanol is $1.75/gal, for a plant size that uses 10% of the potential biogas to be produced in Madrid, Spain, with an investment of $46 MM.

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Section: Process Design Method: Modeling Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Process Operation for Biogas Reforming to Methanol: Effects of Dry Reforming and Biogas Composition

Hernández

Martı́n

2016

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…The stationary fuel cell systems are the subject of decades of intensive worldwide research (42). Depending on system output power range, specific application requirements and used fuel, different concepts has been considered at IKTS from 2005 through 2017 (43)(44)(45)(46). The systematic consideration of different system design options resulted in methodology for efficiency vs. cost driven optimization of SOFC powered devices (47).…”

Section: Stationary Sofc Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in SOC Development at Fraunhofer IKTS

et al. 2021

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Despite long and successful development history of Solid Oxide Cells (SOC) continuous improvement in performance, longevity, manufacturing and system integration is necessary to bring this highly efficient technology to the market. The activities on material development and optimization at IKTS are focused mainly on enhancement of durability in SOFC, SOEC and rSOC operation and on boosting the power density for electrolysis operation. The recent results show considerable enhancement in cell longevity and power density. The SOC priorities in applied research are moving from materials to industrialization and Fraunhofer as applied R&D service provider is following this trend. During recent years considerable efforts on simplification and automation of cell and stack manufacturing processes has been addressed at IKTS. The manufacturing processes for electrode manufacturing have been adjusted for high yield automated printing on thin electrolytes with integrated quality control measures. The efficient ways for reduction of time and energy consumption for sealing process of SOC stacks have been found and shown in pilot production as well as automated assembling of components to stacks demonstrated. Furthermore the stack integration into modules utilizing stacks of different providers has been addressed during last years and reliable solutions for building of compact stack modules of higher power (2 to 10 kW) has been developed and tested with industrial partners. The increasing interest in “green hydrogen” generated multiple opportunities for SOEC technology to be considered as inherent part of industrial and chemical processes. IKTS pioneering work on coupled operation of SOEC module with Fischer-Tropsch reactor provided first demonstration of feasibility of this approach for waxes production. The process design and analysis of steel, using SOEC technology, has been performed and resulted in multiple demonstration activities in last four years. Recently novel approaches for ammonia production are addressed at IKTS showing opportunity for transportable chemicals/fuel production without need of CO2 source. High power electrolysis applications (>10 MW) will need new approaches for stack design and put higher requirements on durability. High power electrolysis applications will also open a new window of opportunities for industrial SOFC power plants. This vision is considered as outline for our future research.

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“…The next attractive functionality of the controlled extraction or distribution of the conducted ion is the possibility to directly couple exothermal electrochemical reactions with endothermal chemical reactions or vice versa. Examples for this are the endothermic internal methane steam reforming or biogas dry reforming reactions within a solid oxide fuel cell, which reactions are exothermal . This coupling can be indirect by external heat transfer via heat exchangers or direct at the reaction sites.…”

Section: Classification and Functionalities Of Ecmrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Ceramic Membrane Reactors in Future Energy and Chemical Process Engineering

Heddrich

Gupta

Santhanam

2019

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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Electrochemical ceramic membrane reactors (ECMRs) with their unique ability to efficiently couple electrical, chemical, and thermal energy sectors can be a large part of the transition toward renewable energies and defossilized economies. ECMRs utilize ceramic conductors to extract or distribute oxide ions or protons -directly controlled by an external electric current. This article gives an overview of ECMR properties along with the functionalities and advantages. For many reactions, e.g., the direct synthesis of ammonia, ECMRs are not available at the preferred temperature range of 300 -550°C. To evidence the possibility of such reactors, functional materials are reviewed. A simple thermodynamic methodology is proposed to determine the suitability of reactions for particular combinations of coupled energy sectors.

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Oxidative Dry‐Reforming of Biogas: Reactor Design and SOFC System Integration

Cited by 22 publications

References 52 publications

Optimal Process Operation for Biogas Reforming to Methanol: Effects of Dry Reforming and Biogas Composition

Optimal Process Operation for Biogas Reforming to Methanol: Effects of Dry Reforming and Biogas Composition

Progress in SOC Development at Fraunhofer IKTS

Electrochemical Ceramic Membrane Reactors in Future Energy and Chemical Process Engineering

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