Oxidation resistance of bulk plasma-facing tungsten alloys

Klein, F.; Wegener, T.; Litnovsky, A.; Rasiński, M.; Tan, Xiao–Yue; González‐Julián, Jesús; Schmitz, J.; Bram, Martin; Coenen, J. W.; Linsmeier, Ch.

doi:10.1016/j.nme.2018.05.003

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…More details on the oxidation testing setup can be found in Ref. [14]. Oxidation experiments reported in this paper took place at 1000 °C in an atmosphere containing 80 volume (vol.…”

Section: Oxidation Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1a). Smart alloy samples not meant for plasma exposure but specifically for determining oxidation rates have a standardised cubic shape and are ground from all sides [14]. Wire erosion leads to deposition of the wire material onto the samples.…”

Section: Oxidation Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the geometry of the PSI-2 samples, not all remnants from wire erosion cutting can be removed during grinding. Moreover, it is stated that sample edges or other surface defects such as scratches are prone to the formation of W-containing oxides [14]. Thus, a sample with many edges and on top with remaining dirt from wire erosion is expected to show a bad oxidation behaviour.…”

Section: Oxidation Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Argon-seeded plasma exposure and oxidation performance of tungsten-chromium-yttrium smart alloys

et al. 2019

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Tungsten-chromium-yttrium (WCrY) smart alloys are foreseen as the first wall material for future fusion devices such as Demonstration Power Plant (DEMO). While suppressing W oxidation during accidental conditions, they should behave like pure W during plasma operation due to preferential sputtering of the lighter alloying elements Cr, Y, and W enrichment of the surface. In this paper, the erosion performance of WCrY and W samples simultaneously exposed to deuterium (D) plasma with the addition of 1% of the projectile ions being argon (Ar) ions at an ion energy of 120 eV is compared. With reference to the previous experiments at 120 eV in pure D plasma, the erosion for both WCrY and W is enhanced by a factor of ~ 7. Adding Ar to the D plasma suppresses significant W enrichment previously found for pure D plasma. To investigate the impact of the plasma exposure onto the oxidation performance, plasma-exposed and non-exposed reference samples were oxidised in a dry atmosphere. Results show, on the one hand, that the oxidation suppression of WCrY in comparison to pure W is preserved during the plasma performance. On the other hand, it becomes evident that edge effects imposed by the geometry of the samples used in plasma experiments play a significant role for the oxidation behaviour.

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“…More details on the oxidation testing setup can be found in Ref. [14]. Oxidation experiments reported in this paper took place at 1000 °C in an atmosphere containing 80 volume (vol.…”

Section: Oxidation Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oxidation Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oxidation Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Argon-seeded plasma exposure and oxidation performance of tungsten-chromium-yttrium smart alloys

et al. 2019

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“…Details of powder preparation can be found in previous studies. [92,93] FAST/SPS was found to be the preferred method to produce such kinds of microstructures. Full densification can be already achieved at temperatures significantly below the recrystallization temperature.…”

Section: High-temperature Fast/sps Of Refractory Materials and Uhtcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…b) Oxidation rates of W-11.6Cr-0.6Y alloy depending on the grain size. Published under Creative Commons CC-BY license in the study by Klein et al [93] www.advancedsciencenews.com www.aem-journal.com heating rate of 100 K min À1 , maximal temperature of 1350 C, dwell time of 20 min, 50 MPa of uniaxial pressure during the whole thermal treatment, and vacuum atmosphere. The sample presented a relative density of 98.2% (Figure 5b), whereas only 89.6% was achieved by pressureless sintering at the same maximal temperature.…”

Section: Net Shaping In a Fast/sps Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Electric Current‐Assisted Sintering Techniques for the Processing of Advanced Materials

et al. 2020

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Highly efficient energy conversion and storage technologies such as high‐temperature solid oxide fuel and electrolysis cells, all‐solid‐state batteries, gas separation membranes, and thermal barrier coatings for advanced turbine systems depend on advanced materials. In all cases, processing of ceramics and metals starting from powders plays a key role and is often a challenging task. Depending on their composition, such powder materials often require high sintering temperatures and show an inherent risk of abnormal grain growth, evaporation, chemical reaction, or decomposition, especially in the case of long dwelling times. Electric current‐assisted sintering (ECAS) techniques are promising to overcome these restrictions, but a lot of fundamental and practical challenges must be solved properly to take full advantage of these techniques. A broad and long‐term expertise in the field of ECAS techniques and comprehensive facilities including conventional field‐assisted sintering technology/spark plasma sintering (FAST/SPS), hybrid FAST/SPS (with additional heater), sinter forging, and flash sintering (FS) devices are available at the Institute of Energy and Climate Research: Materials Synthesis and Processing (IEK‐1). Herein, main advantages and challenges of these techniques are discussed and the concept to overcome current limitations is introduced on selected examples.

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