Oxidation of γ‐irradiated microbial cellulose results in bioresorbable, highly conformable biomaterial

Abstract

Conformability to tissues and adequate mechanical strength are clinically useful properties of resorbable biomaterials used in soft tissue repair. Microbially derived cellulose is attractive as a high strength, highly conformable, and biocompatible material for tissue repair, but is not naturally resorbable. Here we show that controlled oxidation of microbial cellulose sheets that have been preirradiated with c-radiation results in a resorbable and fully conformable membrane that can be rapidly rehydrated in aqueous fluids.In vitro studies showed that degradation of the resorbable membranes occurs in two major phases: (1) initial rapid degradation of about 70-80% of the entire sample followed by (2) slower degradation of an additional 5-10% which eventually levels off leaving a small amount of nonresorbable material. In vivo, prototype materials showed marked degradation at all time points, with the most rapid degradation occurring in the first 2-4 weeks.

Nanocellulose as Novel Supportive Functional Material for Growth and Development of Cells

“…With the pre-γ-irradiation and sodium periodate oxidation treatments on BC membranes, it was reported that in vitro degradation of oxidized BC involved two major phases, (1) initial rapid degradation of about 70-80% of the entire sample; (2) slower degradation of an additional 5-10% which eventually levels off leaving a small amount of nonresorbable material. Further experiments on in vivo degradation (male New Zealand White rabbits) showed the marked degradation of oxidized BC membranes at all-time points, with the most rapid degradation occurring in the first 2-4 weeks [38]. As discussed previously, the absence of enzymes in vivo system makes the cellulose degradation approximately negligible.…”

The Efficacy of Electron Beam Irradiated Bacterial Cellulose Membranes as Compared with Collagen Membranes on Guided Bone Regeneration in Peri-Implant Bone Defects

“…Li et al [ 40 ] reported that amorphous regions of BC chemically modified by periodate oxidation were converted to biodegradable 2,3-dialdehydebacterial cellulose (DABC). Czaja et al [ 41 , 42 ] noted that BC membranes pre-irradiated with γ-radiation and by periodate oxidation degraded most rapidly during the first 2–4 weeks. Hu and Catchmark [ 43 ] suggested that biodegradability could be enhanced by incorporating cellulose-degrading enzymes into the nanostructure of BC.…”

Three-Dimensional Printing of Wood-Derived Biopolymers: A Review Focused on Biomedical Applications

“…To address this issue, many attempts have been made to enhance the degradability of cellulose products in vivo , such as periodate oxidation to introduce 2,3-dialdehyde groups in the nanocellulose chain, 153 enzymatic degradation using the synergistic effect of nanocomplexed exoglucanase 150 and free endoglucanase, and irradiation with γ-radiation to enhance the degradation rate. 154 On the other hand, nonbiodegradable cellulose could be used as a durable supportive material in applications such as cartilage meniscus implants, bone tissue implants, and cardiovascular implants. Combined with advanced 3D printing techniques, patient-specific or customized implants can be accessibly manufactured, easing the complexities of tissue regeneration and drug delivery.…”