Oxidation–coagulation of β-blockers by K2FeVIO4 in hospital wastewater: Assessment of degradation products and biodegradability

Beta-blockers in the environment: Part I. Mobility and hydrolysis study

“…MET is the most frequently used BB ; PRO and MET are the most frequently detected in environmental samples (Fent et al, 2006;Kümmerer, 2004;Scheurer et al, 2010;Brooks and Huggett, 2012). Among these three compounds, PRO is the most hydrophobic (log K ow of 3.48, Table 1) and shows bioaccumulation potential (Kibbey et al, 2007;Maurer et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2012;Wilde et al, 2013). Therefore, the knowledge of the environmental fate of these drugs and the determination of the risks associated with their presence in the natural ecosystems (especially in waters) are integral and important parts of environmental protection.…”

“…Although there has been a growing interest in the assessment of the bio- (Yamamoto et al, 2009;Scheurer et al, 2010;Ribeiro et al, 2013;Wilde et al, 2013) and photo-degradability ( Mompelat et al, 2009;Ramil et al, 2010) of these drugs, there is very little information available about their sorption potential to natural soils as well as their hydrolytic stability.…”

Kinetic and mechanistic investigations of the degradation of propranolol in heat activated persulfate process

“…These products have also been frequently identied by other oxidation products of PRO, such as ozonation, Fe(vi), and $OHbased oxidation process. 13,54,55 Typically, aer ring opening reaction to form m/z 292, a new hydroxylation would occur to yield m/z 308 and m/z 310. Of note, the oxidation of alcohol moiety of m/z 310 to aldehyde moiety can also form m/z 308.…”

Pharmaceutical removal from water with iron- or manganese-based technologies: A review

“…Thus, combining chemical oxidation of the pharmaceutical with biological treatment of the by-products can result in complete mineralization. Similarly, after ferrate treatment, biodegradation of water containing beta-blockers improves from nonbiodegradable to 14%-70% biodegradation (Wilde et al, 2013).…”