Oxidation and biotinylation of beta 2 glycoprotein I glycan chains induce an increase in its affinity for anionic phospholipids similar to that obtained by the addition of anti-beta 2 glycoprotein I or anti-cardiolipin antibodies

Anti-GalNAcβ: A novel anti-glycan autoantibody associated with pregnancy loss in women with antiphospholipid syndrome and in a mouse experimental model

“…showing that manipulating these glycan chains could increase the affinity of b2GPI to anionic phospholipids and significantly enhance recognition by anti-cardiolipin Abs [33,34]. In that respect, the results of our study may imply that some of the aGA which were found in our work could be involved in the aPL-b2GPI recognition process in a similar way.…”

Exosomes: Revisiting their role as “garbage bags”

“…Similarly, we found that ApoH/β 2 glycoprotein‐1 can bind to reticulocyte exosomes, probably through PS exposed on their surface, in the long run because of the absence of aminophospholipid translocase . ApoH can opsonize dying cells . Interestingly, ApoH was shown to promote in vitro uptake of nanoparticles by cells and to be associated with rapid clearance of PS‐containing liposomes in vivo .…”

Apolipoprotein H, an Acute Phase Protein, a Performing Tool for Ultra-Sensitive Detection and Isolation of Microorganisms from Different Origins

“…ApoH allow binding and internalization of LDL in macrophages because of its ability to bind to LDL and oxidized LDL (Kochl et al, 1997). Moreover, ApoH is involved in apoptosis by binding to phosphatidylserine (PS), present at the surface of cells undergoing apoptosis (d 'Angeac et al, 2005). Altogether, these data contribute to characterize ApoH as a scavenger-like protein.…”

“…Studies conducted in vitro have demonstrated that ApoH has the particularity to bind, not only to negatively charged molecules and structures, including anionic phospholipids (PL), but also binds platelets, apoptotic cells (d 'Angeac et al, 2005), mitochondria, DNA as well as bile acids (Schousboe, 1983). Apart from the PL, ApoH also has the ability to bind cellular proteins such as the kidney calmodulin (Rojkjaer et al, 1997), megalin, an endocytic receptor of the renal epithelium (Moestrup et al, 1998), Annexin II (Ma et al, 2000) as well as other binding proteins or receptors including phosphatidylserine PS , LPS (Agar et al, 2011) and TLR2 (Alard et al, 2010).…”