Oxi‐ammoniation of pine‐bark particles

Abstract

Pine-bark sawdust was oxidized with nitric acid (5-20% by weight) and further ammoniated with NH3 or NH40H. Ammoniation with NH, was carried out in a fluidized bed reactor at 100 and 250°C and a NH, flow of 126 L/h (0°C; 101.3 kPa). Ammoniation with NH40H was carried out in a batch reactor by reacting the oxidized sample with NH40H (2 kmol/m3) at total reflux. Data on total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and KMn04 soluble nitrogen content are reported for the resulting product.On a oxyd6 de la sciure d'6core de pin avec de I'acide nitrique (5 h 20% en poids), puis on I'a ammoniaquke avec NH, ou NH,OH. On a fait le traitement avec NH, dans un r6acteur h lit fluidis6 h 100 et 250°C et un debit de NH, de 126 L/h (O"C, 101.3 kPa). On a fait I'ammoniation avec NH40H dans un r6acteur discontinu, en faisant r6agir 1'Cchantillon oxyd6 avec NH40H (2 kmol/m') h reflux total. On rapporte, pour le produit rksultant, les donnkes obtenues pour I'azote total, I'azote ammoniacal et la teneur en azote soluble dans KMn04. ood wastes produced from forest lumbering are a po-838 THE

Lignocellulosics as a Renewable Feedstock for Chemical Industry: Chemicals from Lignin

“…Slow-release fertilisers based on nitrogen-substituted lignins have been obtained by reacting ammonia with lignocellulosic biomass [120][121][122], soda lignin [123], kraft lignin [124], or technical grade lignins [125,126], and lignosulfonates have been employed in matrices for micronutrient fertilisers [127][128][129][130][131][132]. Partial hydrolysis of lignin with superheated steam has been applied to produce material suitable as a controlled-release coating for fertiliser [133][134][135], and lignin-based controlled-release formulations have also been prepared for herbicides and pesticides [136][137][138][139].…”

Oxidation of hydrolyzed olive pits and almond shells with nitric acid in the production of humic-based fertilizers

“…The availability of large amounts of agricultural, industrial, and municipal wastes makes them an important source of humic material, which could improve the physical and chemical structure of soil. Those wastes may have to be oxidized, digested, ammoniated, etc., in order to increase their nitrogen content and value as fertilizers (Mukherjee et al, 1963;Chakrabartty and Berkowitz, 1969;Kim et al, 1981;Fuertes, 1983;Coca et al, 1984Coca et al, , 1985.…”

Humic fertilizers by oxidative ammoniation of hydrolyzed corncob residues

“…Several attempts have been made to utilize biomass wastes for the production of fertilizers (Caro and Frank, 1932;Coca et al, 1985), and optimum reaction conditions have been described to obtain a product with adequate nitrogen release. In the process of furfural production, the lignocellulose residue is usually burnt to produce steam.…”