Oxalate Nephrosis and Renal Sclerosis After Renal Transplantation in a Cat

Abstract

A 10-year-old castrated domestic shorthair cat received two renal allografts, 14 days apart, for the treatment of chronic renal failure. Oxalate nephrosis developed in both allografts, and they became nonfunctional. During the transplantation period, the cat was not exposed to exogenous sources of oxalate, and there was no evidence of primary type 2 hyperoxaluria before surgery. Urologic surgery, in particular renal transplantation, has been identified as a factor that can precipitate renal failure in human patients with decompensated renal function and hyperoxaluria. If hyperoxaluria was present before surgery in this cat, it was most likely caused by increased absorption or decreased metabolism of dietary oxalate.

Renal transplantation in cats with calcium oxalate urolithiasis: 19 cases (1997–2004)

“…12 Histologic examination of the native kidneys revealed tubulointerstitial nephritis with no evidence of oxalate nephrosis. Of 66 cats, only 1 cat had renal failure secondary to oxalate nephrosis.…”

“…[12][13][14] Presently, no reports exist in which the outcome in this population of patients is described. According to the current veterinary literature, renal transplantation should not be performed on cats with oxalate urolithiasis because of the concern of formation of uroliths within the allograft and subsequent graft failure.…”

Evaluation of the Clinical and Histologic Features of Renal Allograft Rejection in Cats

“…The diagnosis was based largely on clinical suspicion and elevated serum creatinine concentration, and was confirmed by renal allograft biopsy in 5 of 19 rejection episodes. Other causes of impaired renal allograft function must be ruled out, including prerenal azotemia (eg, volume depletion or cardiac insufficiency), renovascular disease (eg, renal arterial stenosis), renal parenchymal disease (eg, recurrent or de novo renal disease, hemolytic uremic syndrome, 3 cyclosporine nephrotoxicity, acute pyelonephritis, oxalosis, 4 and lymphoma) and postrenal azotemia caused by urinary obstruction or extravasation 5…”

Intra- and Post-Operative Assessment of Renal Cortical Perfusion by Laser Doppler Flowmetry in Renal Transplantation in the Rat

“…Since the report of the first kidney transplantation in animals in 1902 and in humans in 1954, several complications of the operation have been identified such as vascular problems, delayed onset of graft function and renal failure [1]. As a result, early determination of the viability of the transplanted kidney is an important and challenging problem.…”